如何在没有扩展名且没有路径的情况下获取文件名?
以下内容没有给我任何扩展,但我仍然附加了路径:
source_file_filename_no_ext=${source_file%.*}
答案 0 :(得分:584)
大多数类UNIX操作系统都有一个basename
可执行文件用于非常相似的目的(并且路径为dirname
):
pax> a=/tmp/file.txt
pax> b=$(basename $a)
pax> echo $b
file.txt
不幸的是,只是为您提供了文件名,包括扩展名,因此您需要找到一种方法来删除它。
所以,无论如何你必须这样做,你也可以找到一个方法来剥离路径和扩展。
一种方法(这是一个bash
- 唯一的解决方案,不需要其他可执行文件):
pax> a=/tmp/xx/file.tar.gz
pax> xpath=${a%/*}
pax> xbase=${a##*/}
pax> xfext=${xbase##*.}
pax> xpref=${xbase%.*}
pax> echo;echo path=${xpath};echo pref=${xpref};echo ext=${xfext}
path=/tmp/xx
pref=file.tar
ext=gz
该小片段设置xpath
(文件路径),xpref
(文件前缀,您特别要求的内容)和xfext
(文件扩展名)。
答案 1 :(得分:41)
basename
和dirname
解决方案更方便。这些是替代命令:
FILE_PATH="/opt/datastores/sda2/test.old.img"
echo "$FILE_PATH" | sed "s/.*\///"
这会返回test.old.img
,如basename
。
这是没有扩展名的盐文件名:
echo "$FILE_PATH" | sed -r "s/.+\/(.+)\..+/\1/"
返回test.old
。
以下语句给出了dirname
命令的完整路径。
echo "$FILE_PATH" | sed -r "s/(.+)\/.+/\1/"
返回/opt/datastores/sda2
答案 2 :(得分:22)
以下是从路径中获取文件名的简便方法:
echo "$PATH" | rev | cut -d"/" -f1 | rev
要删除您可以使用的扩展名,假设文件名只有一个点(扩展点):
cut -d"." -f1
答案 3 :(得分:12)
$ source_file_filename_no_ext=${source_file%.*}
$ echo ${source_file_filename_no_ext##*/}
答案 4 :(得分:8)
更多替代选项,因为正则表达式(regi?)非常棒!
这是一个简单的正则表达式来完成这项工作:
regex="[^/]*$"
示例(grep):
FP="/hello/world/my/file/path/hello_my_filename.log"
echo $FP | grep -oP "$regex"
#Or using standard input
grep -oP "$regex" <<< $FP
示例(awk):
echo $FP | awk '{match($1, "$regex",a)}END{print a[0]}
#Or using stardard input
awk '{match($1, "$regex",a)}END{print a[0]} <<< $FP
如果您需要更复杂的正则表达式: 例如,您的路径包含在字符串中。
StrFP="my string is awesome file: /hello/world/my/file/path/hello_my_filename.log sweet path bro."
#this regex matches a string not containing / and ends with a period
#then at least one word character
#so its useful if you have an extension
regex="[^/]*\.\w{1,}"
#usage
grep -oP "$regex" <<< $StrFP
#alternatively you can get a little more complicated and use lookarounds
#this regex matches a part of a string that starts with / that does not contain a /
##then uses the lazy operator ? to match any character at any amount (as little as possible hence the lazy)
##that is followed by a space
##this allows use to match just a file name in a string with a file path if it has an exntension or not
##also if the path doesnt have file it will match the last directory in the file path
##however this will break if the file path has a space in it.
regex="(?<=/)[^/]*?(?=\s)"
#to fix the above problem you can use sed to remove spaces from the file path only
## as a side note unfortunately sed has limited regex capibility and it must be written out in long hand.
NewStrFP=$(echo $StrFP | sed 's:\(/[a-z]*\)\( \)\([a-z]*/\):\1\3:g')
grep -oP "$regex" <<< $NewStrFP
Regexes的整体解决方案:
即使文件名中包含多个“。”,此函数也可以为您提供包含或不包含linux文件路径扩展名的文件名。 它还可以处理文件路径中的空格,以及文件路径是否嵌入或包装在字符串中。
#you may notice that the sed replace has gotten really crazy looking
#I just added all of the allowed characters in a linux file path
function Get-FileName(){
local FileString="$1"
local NoExtension="$2"
local FileString=$(echo $FileString | sed 's:\(/[a-zA-Z0-9\<\>\|\\\:\)\(\&\;\,\?\*]*\)\( \)\([a-zA-Z0-9\<\>\|\\\:\)\(\&\;\,\?\*]*/\):\1\3:g')
local regex="(?<=/)[^/]*?(?=\s)"
local FileName=$(echo $FileString | grep -oP "$regex")
if [[ "$NoExtension" != "" ]]; then
sed 's:\.[^\.]*$::g' <<< $FileName
else
echo "$FileName"
fi
}
## call the function with extension
Get-FileName "my string is awesome file: /hel lo/world/my/file test/path/hello_my_filename.log sweet path bro."
##call function without extension
Get-FileName "my string is awesome file: /hel lo/world/my/file test/path/hello_my_filename.log sweet path bro." "1"
如果您不得不使用Windows路径,可以从这个开始:
[^\\]*$