Question

我正在使用Sql Server数据库项目迈出第一步，我正在寻找一种在部署后脚本中填充引用表的方法，而不是每次都删除和重新填充它们。经过一番研究后，我偶然发现了这篇博文：

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ssdt/archive/2012/02/02/including-data-in-an-sql-server-database-project.aspx

这基本上用这个例子描述了MERGE语句的行为：

-- Reference Data for AddressType
MERGE INTO AddressType AS Target
USING (VALUES
  (0, N'Undefined'),
  (1, N'Billing'),
  (2, N'Home'),
  (3, N'Main Office'),
  (4, N'Primary'),
  (5, N'Shipping'),
  (6, N'Archive')
)
AS Source (AddressTypeID, Name)
ON Target.AddressTypeID = Source.AddressTypeID
-- update matched rows
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET Name = Source.Name
-- insert new rows
WHEN NOT MATCHED BY TARGET THEN
INSERT (AddressTypeID, Name)
VALUES (AddressTypeID, Name)
-- delete rows that are in the target but not the source
WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE THEN
DELETE

由于我也使用Oracle数据库，我尝试将之前的示例调整为Oracle 10g语法，并且我已经生成了这样的内容：

-- Reference Data for AddressType
MERGE INTO AddressType AS T
USING (WITH CTE AS (
  SELECT 0 AS AddressTypeID, 'Undefined' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION 
  SELECT 1 AS AddressTypeID, 'Billing' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION
  SELECT 2 AS AddressTypeID, 'Home' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION
  SELECT 3 AS AddressTypeID, 'Main Office' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION
  SELECT 4 AS AddressTypeID, 'Primary' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION
  SELECT 5 AS AddressTypeID, 'Shipping' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION
  SELECT 6 AS AddressTypeID, 'Archive'AS Name FROM DUAL
)
SELECT AddressTypeID, Name FROM CTE
)
AS S 
ON T.AddressTypeID = S.AddressTypeID
-- update matched rows
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET T.Name = S.Name
-- insert new rows
WHEN NOT MATCHED 
INSERT (T.AddressTypeID, T.Name)
VALUES (S.AddressTypeID, S.Name)

除了不完全等效（对于不在源中的行没有删除），我发现语法特别笨拙。

Oracle SQL有哪些语法快捷方式？

Answer 1

我没有看到任何捷径， MERGE 的语法就是你所拥有的。

唯一可以摆脱的是 WITH子句，即 USING 子句中的CTE。你可以简单地把它当作：

-- Reference Data for AddressType
MERGE INTO AddressType AS T
USING (
  SELECT 0 AS AddressTypeID, 'Undefined' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION 
  SELECT 1 AS AddressTypeID, 'Billing' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION
  SELECT 2 AS AddressTypeID, 'Home' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION
  SELECT 3 AS AddressTypeID, 'Main Office' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION
  SELECT 4 AS AddressTypeID, 'Primary' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION
  SELECT 5 AS AddressTypeID, 'Shipping' AS Name FROM DUAL
  UNION
  SELECT 6 AS AddressTypeID, 'Archive'AS NAME FROM DUAL
      ) AS S 
ON T.AddressTypeID = S.AddressTypeID
-- update matched rows
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET T.Name = S.Name
-- insert new rows
WHEN NOT MATCHED 
INSERT (T.AddressTypeID, T.Name)
VALUES (S.AddressTypeID, S.Name)

当然，您无法更新ON子句中提到的列。

这是在Oracle数据库中使用MERGE的唯一方法吗？

1 个答案: