这是一个棘手的错误，你可以使用Python进入字典：
dict = {'a':5,'c':5}
#Typing some codes
在程序的某个时刻，您决定创建一个空字典：
new_dic = dict()
你得到这个追溯：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'dict' object is not callable
你能否告诉我它是否是Python中的一个错误，或者我们在使用内置函数时必须小心，而不是先为一些变量指定它们的名字？
答案 0 :(得分：10)
你遇到的是“阴影”。您已在某个名称空间（模块的全局名称空间或函数的本地名称空间）中创建了一个与内置dict类型同名的对象。这会阻止您以通常的方式访问内置dict。
你可以仍然可以通过更多的努力来实现它。 {2}中的builtins（或__builtin__）模块包含通常可直接访问的所有内置对象。因此，要制作空字典，您可以执行以下操作：
import builtins
dict = whatever
newdic = builtins.dict()
但是......避免为自己的对象使用名称dict可能是个更好的主意。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
问题是你的第一行是覆盖 dict 的内容。试试这个。
dictA = {'a':5,'c':5}
new_dic = dict()
你的问题就会消失。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
在Python中，函数（以及其他所有东西）都是第一类对象。所以Python正在解释你的调用：
dict() -> call value of variable "dict" as a function
在您的情况下，由于dict中存储的值不是代码，因此会出现异常。
这是一个快速举例说明如何使用这种方式调用函数。
>>> a = lambda x: x + 2
>>> a
<function <lambda> at 0x10116b230>
>>> a(3)
5
>>> a(7)
9
这里我在a中存储了一个lambda（匿名函数），然后我可以将其作为函数调用。
您还可以为变量分配函数，然后使用变量名称调用它。
def a(x):
return x + 2
b = a
b(3) # returns 5
您也可以将此模式与嵌套函数一起使用来创建闭包。
在任何情况下，如果你只是避免使用也是关键字或内置函数的变量名，你会更好。
https://docs.python.org/2.7/reference/lexical_analysis.html#identifiers
答案 3 :(得分：0)
这是一个阴影案例。分配会影响内置 $(function(){
var filemanager = $('.filemanager'),
breadcrumbs = $('.breadcrumbs'),
fileList = filemanager.find('.data');
// Start by fetching the file data from scan.php with an AJAX request
$.get('scan.php', function(data) {
var response = [data],
currentPath = '',
breadcrumbsUrls = [];
var folders = [],
files = [];
// This event listener monitors changes on the URL. We use it to
// capture back/forward navigation in the browser.
$(window).on('hashchange', function(){
goto(window.location.hash);
// We are triggering the event. This will execute
// this function on page load, so that we show the correct folder:
}).trigger('hashchange');
// Hiding and showing the search box
filemanager.find('.search').click(function(){
var search = $(this);
search.find('span').hide();
search.find('input[type=search]').show().focus();
});
// Listening for keyboard input on the search field.
// We are using the "input" event which detects cut and paste
// in addition to keyboard input.
filemanager.find('input').on('input', function(e){
folders = [];
files = [];
var value = this.value.trim();
if(value.length) {
filemanager.addClass('searching');
// Update the hash on every key stroke
window.location.hash = 'search=' + value.trim();
}
else {
filemanager.removeClass('searching');
window.location.hash = encodeURIComponent(currentPath);
}
}).on('keyup', function(e){
// Clicking 'ESC' button triggers focusout and cancels the search
var search = $(this);
if(e.keyCode == 27) {
search.trigger('focusout');
}
}).focusout(function(e){
// Cancel the search
var search = $(this);
if(!search.val().trim().length) {
window.location.hash = encodeURIComponent(currentPath);
search.hide();
search.parent().find('span').show();
}
});
// Clicking on folders
fileList.on('click', 'li.folders', function(e){
e.preventDefault();
var nextDir = $(this).find('a.folders').attr('href');
if(filemanager.hasClass('searching')) {
// Building the breadcrumbs
breadcrumbsUrls = generateBreadcrumbs(nextDir);
filemanager.removeClass('searching');
filemanager.find('input[type=search]').val('').hide();
filemanager.find('span').show();
}
else {
breadcrumbsUrls.push(nextDir);
}
window.location.hash = encodeURIComponent(nextDir);
currentPath = nextDir;
});
// Clicking on breadcrumbs
breadcrumbs.on('click', 'a', function(e){
e.preventDefault();
var index = breadcrumbs.find('a').index($(this)),
nextDir = breadcrumbsUrls[index];
breadcrumbsUrls.length = Number(index);
window.location.hash = encodeURIComponent(nextDir);
});
// Navigates to the given hash (path)
function goto(hash) {
hash = decodeURIComponent(hash).slice(1).split('=');
if (hash.length) {
var rendered = '';
// if hash has search in it
if (hash[0] === 'search') {
filemanager.addClass('searching');
rendered = searchData(response, hash[1].toLowerCase());
if (rendered.length) {
currentPath = hash[0];
render(rendered);
}
else {
render(rendered);
}
}
// if hash is some path
else if (hash[0].trim().length) {
rendered = searchByPath(hash[0]);
if (rendered.length) {
currentPath = hash[0];
breadcrumbsUrls = generateBreadcrumbs(hash[0]);
render(rendered);
}
else {
currentPath = hash[0];
breadcrumbsUrls = generateBreadcrumbs(hash[0]);
render(rendered);
}
}
// if there is no hash
else {
currentPath = data.path;
breadcrumbsUrls.push(data.path);
render(searchByPath(data.path));
}
}
}
// Splits a file path and turns it into clickable breadcrumbs
function generateBreadcrumbs(nextDir){
var path = nextDir.split('/').slice(0);
for(var i=1;i<path;i++){
path[i] = path[i-1]+ '/' +path[i];
}
return path;
}
// Locates a file by path
function searchByPath(dir) {
var path = dir.split('/'),
demo = response,
flag = 0;
for(var i=0;i<path.length;i++){
for(var j=0;j<demo.length;j++){
if(demo[j].name === path[i]){
flag = 1;
demo = demo[j].items;
break;
}
}
}
demo = flag ? demo : [];
return demo;
}
// Recursively search through the file tree
function searchData(data, searchTerms) {
data.forEach(function(d){
if(d.type === 'folder') {
searchData(d.items,searchTerms);
if(d.name.toLowerCase().match(searchTerms)) {
folders.push(d);
}
}
else if(d.type === 'file') {
if(d.name.toLowerCase().match(searchTerms)) {
files.push(d);
}
}
});
return {folders: folders, files: files};
}
// Render the HTML for the file manager
function render(data) {
var scannedFolders = [],
scannedFiles = [];
if(Array.isArray(data)) {
data.forEach(function (d) {
if (d.type === 'folder') {
scannedFolders.push(d);
}
else if (d.type === 'file') {
scannedFiles.push(d);
}
});
}
else if(typeof data === 'object') {
scannedFolders = data.folders;
scannedFiles = data.files;
}
// Empty the old result and make the new one
fileList.empty().hide();
if(!scannedFolders.length && !scannedFiles.length) {
filemanager.find('.nothingfound').show();
}
else {
filemanager.find('.nothingfound').hide();
}
if(scannedFolders.length) {
scannedFolders.forEach(function(f) {
var itemsLength = f.items.length,
name = escapeHTML(f.name),
icon = '<span class="icon folder"></span>';
if(itemsLength) {
icon = '<span class="icon folder full"></span>';
}
if(itemsLength == 1) {
itemsLength += ' item';
}
else if(itemsLength > 1) {
itemsLength += ' items';
}
else {
itemsLength = 'Leeg';
}
var folder = $('<li class="folders"><a href="'+ f.path +'" title="'+ f.path +'" class="folders">'+icon+'<span class="name">' + name + '</span> <span class="details">' + itemsLength + '</span></a></li>');
folder.appendTo(fileList);
});
}
if(scannedFiles.length) {
scannedFiles.forEach(function(f) {
var fileSize = bytesToSize(f.size),
name = escapeHTML(f.name),
fileType = name.split('.'),
icon = '<span class="icon file"></span>';
fileType = fileType[fileType.length-1];
icon = '<span class="icon file f-'+fileType+'">.'+fileType+'</span>';
var file = $('<li class="files"><a href="'+ f.path+'" title="'+ f.path +'" class="files">'+icon+'<span class="name">'+ name +'</span> <span class="details">'+fileSize+'</span></a></li>');
file.appendTo(fileList);
});
}
// Generate the breadcrumbs
var url = '';
if(filemanager.hasClass('searching')){
url = '<span>Zoek resultaten: </span>';
//fileList.removeClass('animated');
}
else {
fileList.addClass('animated');
breadcrumbsUrls.forEach(function (u, i) {
var name = u.split('/');
if (i !== breadcrumbsUrls.length - 1) {
url += '<a href="'+u+'"><span class="folderName">' + name[name.length-1] + '</span></a> <span class="arrow">→</span> ';
}
else {
url += '<span class="folderName">' + name[name.length-1] + '</span>';
}
});
}
breadcrumbs.text('').append(url);
// Show the generated elements
fileList.animate({'display':'inline-block'});
}
// This function escapes special html characters in names
function escapeHTML(text) {
return text.replace(/\&/g,'&').replace(/\</g,'<').replace(/\>/g,'>');
}
// Convert file sizes from bytes to human readable units
function bytesToSize(bytes) {
var sizes = ['Bytes', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB'];
if (bytes === 0) return '0 Bytes';
var i = parseInt(Math.floor(Math.log(bytes) / Math.log(1024)));
return Math.round(bytes / Math.pow(1024, i), 2) + ' ' + sizes[i];
}
});
});
类型：
dict正如错误所描述的那样，>>> type(dict)
<type 'type'>
>>> dict = {'a':5,'c':5}
>>> type(dict)
<type 'dict'>
istances不可调用。
内置的dict通常会发生同样的事情。