我正在尝试学习如何通过PyPI上的pip创建Python模块。为了做到这一点，我正在使用PyPI测试站点（https://testpypi.python.org/pypi）进行测试，并试图为模块创建setup.py。我的模块是根目录下的文件，我无法成功安装它。我想知道如何做到这一点。
下面，我详细介绍了我正在采取的步骤。我怀疑问题在于我如何写setup.py。
存储库的解剖结构如下：
.
├── examples_1.py
├── LICENSE
├── MANIFEST.in
├── README.rst
├── setup.py
└── supermodule.py
请注意，该模块只是目录根目录下的文件supermodule.py。另请注意，文件examples_1.py 不将包含在模块包的安装中。
setup.py的内容如下：
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import setuptools
def read(*paths):
with open(os.path.join(*paths), "r") as filename:
return filename.read()
def main():
setuptools.setup(
name = "supermodule",
version = "2015.10.30.0820",
description = "super utilities",
long_description = (read("README.rst")),
url = "https://github.com/johndrake1/junk",
author = "John Drake",
author_email = "j.drake@sern.ch",
license = "GPLv3",
package_data = {
"": [
"*.txt",
"*.md",
"*.rst",
"*.py"
]
}
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
我通过以下程序注册，上传和安装软件包：
python setup.py register -r https://testpypi.python.org/pypi
python setup.py sdist upload -r https://testpypi.python.org/pypi
sudo pip install -i https://testpypi.python.org/pypi supermodule
在源代码分发supermodule-2015.10.30.0820.tar.gz中，我可以看到以下目录结构：
.
└── supermodule-2015.10.30.0820
├── LICENSE
├── MANIFEST.in
├── PKG-INFO
├── README.rst
├── setup.cfg
├── setup.py
├── supermodule.egg-info
│ ├── dependency_links.txt
│ ├── PKG-INFO
│ ├── SOURCES.txt
│ └── top_level.txt
└── supermodule.py
因此，打包和上传似乎工作正常，并包含位于根目录的模块文件supermodule.py。但是，当我安装软件包时，我在本地安装了以下文件：
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0820.dist-info
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0820.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0820.dist-info/METADATA
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0820.dist-info/RECORD
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0820.dist-info/WHEEL
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0820.dist-info/metadata.json
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0820.dist-info/top_level.txt
您可以看到文件supermodule.py不存在，无法在Python实例中导入。如何在安装中包含此文件，以便可以在Python中导入？
编辑：根据@DeanFenster的建议，我将文件supermodule.py移至supermodule/__init__.py并将setup.py更改为以下内容：
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import setuptools
def read(*paths):
with open(os.path.join(*paths), "r") as filename:
return filename.read()
def main():
setuptools.setup(
name = "supermodule",
version = "2015.10.30.0902",
description = "super utilities",
long_description = (read("README.rst")),
url = "https://github.com/johndrake1/junk",
author = "John Drake",
author_email = "j.drake@sern.ch",
license = "GPLv3",
packages = ["supermodule"]
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
在注册，上传和安装之后，这导致了一个安装，使模块可导入，并在本地安装了以下文件：
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0902.dist-info
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule/__init__.py
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule/__init__.pyc
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0902.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0902.dist-info/METADATA
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0902.dist-info/RECORD
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0902.dist-info/WHEEL
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0902.dist-info/metadata.json
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.0902.dist-info/top_level.txt
这种方法很有用，但我仍然想知道如何以单个文件的形式安装模块。
编辑：根据@ Xk0nSid的建议，我将setup.py更改为以下内容：
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import setuptools
def read(*paths):
with open(os.path.join(*paths), "r") as filename:
return filename.read()
def main():
setuptools.setup(
name = "supermodule",
version = "2015.10.30.1001",
description = "super utilities",
long_description = (read("README.rst")),
url = "https://github.com/johndrake1/junk",
author = "John Drake",
author_email = "j.drake@sern.ch",
license = "GPLv3",
py_modules = ["supermodule"],
entry_points = """
[console_scripts]
supermodule = supermodule:supermodule
"""
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
在注册，上传和安装之后，这导致了一个安装，使模块可导入，并在本地安装了以下文件：
/usr/local/bin/supermodule
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.1001.dist-info
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule.py
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule.pyc
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.1001.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.1001.dist-info/METADATA
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.1001.dist-info/RECORD
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.1001.dist-info/WHEEL
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.1001.dist-info/entry_points.txt
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.1001.dist-info/metadata.json
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/supermodule-2015.10.30.1001.dist-info/top_level.txt
这种方法成功处理了模块的单个文件形式。
答案 0 :(得分：12)
尝试将此类内容用于单个文件。以下是目录结构：
.
├── example.py
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
└── setup.py
0 directories, 4 files
from setuptools import setup
setup(
name='example',
version='0.1.0',
py_modules=['example'],
install_requires=[
'exampledep',
],
entry_points='''
[console_scripts]
example=example:example
''',
)
以上对我有用。这就是示例文件的样子。
def example():
# Note: You can use sys.argv here
print "Hi! I'm a command written in python."
这也可以这样导入：
import example
example.example()
# or
from example import example
example()
希望这有帮助。
install_requires用于为您的模块/应用程序定义dependencies。例如，在这种情况下，example模块依赖于exampledep。所以当有人pip install example时，pip也会安装exampledep，因为它在依赖项中列出。
这通常是包的最终用户可能想要使用的可调用对象。这通常是可调用的，用于命令行。您可以查看this问题或this doc了解更多详情。