我想要完成的是让我的程序从它当前所在的文件夹移动到另一个文件夹。在这种情况下，视频。这是代码：
import getpass
import os
userid = getpass.getuser()
print os.getcwd()
os.rename("$s/userid.py", "%s/Videos/userid.py") % ('os.getcwd()', '%userid')
但是从power shell运行它会让我犯这个错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "userid.py", line 9, in <module>
os.rename("$s/userid.py", "%s/Videos/userid.py") % ('os.getcwd
WindowsError: [Error 3] The system cannot find the path specified
然后我想也许os.getcwd（）的括号引起了问题，所以我尝试了这个但是有同样的错误：
import getpass
import os
import shutil
userid = getpass.getuser()
currentpath = os.getcwd()
shutil.move("%s/userid.py", "C:/users/%s/Videos/userid.py") % (currentpath, userid)
另外，如果我不只是想要当前用户的id，而是所有用户的id，我该怎么做？
由于
更新：它有效！非常感谢大家
import getpass
import os
import shutil
currentpath = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
shutil.copyfile("%s/userid.py" % currentpath, "%s/Videos/userid.py" % os.path.expanduser('~'))
答案 0 :(得分：1)
通过SHGetKnownFolderPath常量调用KNOWNFOLDERID，可以查询特殊文件夹的位置。此功能是在Windows Vista中引入的。
以下模块定义了辅助函数get_known_folder_path以及一些常用的KNOWNFOLDERID常量。如果安装了PyWin32，它还会定义get_known_folder_id_list和list_known_folder，它允许列出虚拟文件夹，例如apps文件夹。
knownfolders.py：
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
__all__ = ['FOLDERID', 'get_known_folder_path']
_ole32 = ctypes.OleDLL('ole32')
_shell32 = ctypes.OleDLL('shell32')
class GUID(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = (('Data1', ctypes.c_ulong),
('Data2', ctypes.c_ushort),
('Data3', ctypes.c_ushort),
('Data4', ctypes.c_char * 8))
def __init__(self, guid_string):
_ole32.IIDFromString(guid_string, ctypes.byref(self))
REFKNOWNFOLDERID = LPIID = ctypes.POINTER(GUID)
_ole32.IIDFromString.argtypes = (
wintypes.LPCWSTR, # lpsz,
LPIID) # lpiid
_ole32.CoTaskMemFree.restype = None
_ole32.CoTaskMemFree.argtypes = (wintypes.LPVOID,)
_shell32.SHGetKnownFolderPath.argtypes = (
REFKNOWNFOLDERID, # rfid
wintypes.DWORD, # dwFlags
wintypes.HANDLE, # hToken
ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.LPWSTR)) # ppszPath
def get_known_folder_path(folder_id, htoken=None):
pszPath = wintypes.LPWSTR()
_shell32.SHGetKnownFolderPath(ctypes.byref(folder_id),
0, htoken, ctypes.byref(pszPath))
folder_path = pszPath.value
_ole32.CoTaskMemFree(pszPath)
return folder_path
try:
from win32com.shell import shell, shellcon
except ImportError:
pass
else:
__all__ += ['get_known_folder_id_list', 'list_known_folder']
PPITEMIDLIST = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p)
_shell32.SHGetKnownFolderIDList.argtypes = (
REFKNOWNFOLDERID, # rfid
wintypes.DWORD, # dwFlags
wintypes.HANDLE, # hToken
PPITEMIDLIST) # ppidl
def get_known_folder_id_list(folder_id, htoken=None):
pidl = ctypes.c_void_p()
_shell32.SHGetKnownFolderIDList(ctypes.byref(folder_id),
0, htoken, ctypes.byref(pidl))
folder_id_list = shell.AddressAsPIDL(pidl.value)
_ole32.CoTaskMemFree(pidl)
return folder_id_list
def list_known_folder(folder_id, htoken=None):
result = []
pidl = get_known_folder_id_list(folder_id, htoken)
shell_item = shell.SHCreateShellItem(None, None, pidl)
shell_enum = shell_item.BindToHandler(None, shell.BHID_EnumItems,
shell.IID_IEnumShellItems)
for item in shell_enum:
result.append(item.GetDisplayName(shellcon.SIGDN_NORMALDISPLAY))
result.sort(key=lambda x: x.upper())
return result
# KNOWNFOLDERID
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd378457
# fixed
FOLDERID_Windows = GUID('{F38BF404-1D43-42F2-9305-67DE0B28FC23}')
FOLDERID_System = GUID('{1AC14E77-02E7-4E5D-B744-2EB1AE5198B7}')
FOLDERID_SystemX86 = GUID('{D65231B0-B2F1-4857-A4CE-A8E7C6EA7D27}')
FOLDERID_Fonts = GUID('{FD228CB7-AE11-4AE3-864C-16F3910AB8FE}')
FOLDERID_ResourceDir = GUID('{8AD10C31-2ADB-4296-A8F7-E4701232C972}')
FOLDERID_UserProfiles = GUID('{0762D272-C50A-4BB0-A382-697DCD729B80}')
FOLDERID_Profile = GUID('{5E6C858F-0E22-4760-9AFE-EA3317B67173}')
FOLDERID_Public = GUID('{DFDF76A2-C82A-4D63-906A-5644AC457385}')
FOLDERID_ProgramData = GUID('{62AB5D82-FDC1-4DC3-A9DD-070D1D495D97}')
FOLDERID_ProgramFiles = GUID('{905e63b6-c1bf-494e-b29c-65b732d3d21a}')
FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX64 = GUID('{6D809377-6AF0-444b-8957-A3773F02200E}')
FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX86 = GUID('{7C5A40EF-A0FB-4BFC-874A-C0F2E0B9FA8E}')
FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommon = GUID('{F7F1ED05-9F6D-47A2-AAAE-29D317C6F066}')
FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX64 = GUID('{6365D5A7-0F0D-45E5-87F6-0DA56B6A4F7D}')
FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX86 = GUID('{DE974D24-D9C6-4D3E-BF91-F4455120B917}')
# common
FOLDERID_PublicDesktop = GUID('{C4AA340D-F20F-4863-AFEF-F87EF2E6BA25}')
FOLDERID_PublicDocuments = GUID('{ED4824AF-DCE4-45A8-81E2-FC7965083634}')
FOLDERID_PublicDownloads = GUID('{3D644C9B-1FB8-4f30-9B45-F670235F79C0}')
FOLDERID_PublicMusic = GUID('{3214FAB5-9757-4298-BB61-92A9DEAA44FF}')
FOLDERID_PublicPictures = GUID('{B6EBFB86-6907-413C-9AF7-4FC2ABF07CC5}')
FOLDERID_PublicVideos = GUID('{2400183A-6185-49FB-A2D8-4A392A602BA3}')
FOLDERID_CommonStartMenu = GUID('{A4115719-D62E-491D-AA7C-E74B8BE3B067}')
FOLDERID_CommonPrograms = GUID('{0139D44E-6AFE-49F2-8690-3DAFCAE6FFB8}')
FOLDERID_CommonStartup = GUID('{82A5EA35-D9CD-47C5-9629-E15D2F714E6E}')
FOLDERID_CommonTemplates = GUID('{B94237E7-57AC-4347-9151-B08C6C32D1F7}')
# peruser
FOLDERID_Desktop = GUID('{B4BFCC3A-DB2C-424C-B029-7FE99A87C641}')
FOLDERID_Documents = GUID('{FDD39AD0-238F-46AF-ADB4-6C85480369C7}')
FOLDERID_Downloads = GUID('{374DE290-123F-4565-9164-39C4925E467B}')
FOLDERID_Music = GUID('{4BD8D571-6D19-48D3-BE97-422220080E43}')
FOLDERID_Pictures = GUID('{33E28130-4E1E-4676-835A-98395C3BC3BB}')
FOLDERID_Videos = GUID('{18989B1D-99B5-455B-841C-AB7C74E4DDFC}')
FOLDERID_LocalAppData = GUID('{F1B32785-6FBA-4FCF-9D55-7B8E7F157091}')
FOLDERID_LocalAppDataLow = GUID('{A520A1A4-1780-4FF6-BD18-167343C5AF16}')
FOLDERID_RoamingAppData = GUID('{3EB685DB-65F9-4CF6-A03A-E3EF65729F3D}')
FOLDERID_StartMenu = GUID('{625B53C3-AB48-4EC1-BA1F-A1EF4146FC19}')
FOLDERID_Programs = GUID('{A77F5D77-2E2B-44C3-A6A2-ABA601054A51}')
FOLDERID_Startup = GUID('{B97D20BB-F46A-4C97-BA10-5E3608430854}')
FOLDERID_Templates = GUID('{A63293E8-664E-48DB-A079-DF759E0509F7}')
FOLDERID_UserProgramFiles = GUID('{5CD7AEE2-2219-4A67-B85D-6C9CE15660CB}')
# virtual
FOLDERID_AppsFolder = GUID('{1e87508d-89c2-42f0-8a7e-645a0f50ca58}')
# win32com defines most of these, except the ones added in Windows 8.
FOLDERID_AccountPictures = GUID('{008ca0b1-55b4-4c56-b8a8-4de4b299d3be}')
FOLDERID_CameraRoll = GUID('{AB5FB87B-7CE2-4F83-915D-550846C9537B}')
FOLDERID_PublicUserTiles = GUID('{0482af6c-08f1-4c34-8c90-e17ec98b1e17}')
FOLDERID_RoamedTileImages = GUID('{AAA8D5A5-F1D6-4259-BAA8-78E7EF60835E}')
FOLDERID_RoamingTiles = GUID('{00BCFC5A-ED94-4e48-96A1-3F6217F21990}')
FOLDERID_Screenshots = GUID('{b7bede81-df94-4682-a7d8-57a52620b86f}')
FOLDERID_SearchHistory = GUID('{0D4C3DB6-03A3-462F-A0E6-08924C41B5D4}')
FOLDERID_SearchTemplates = GUID('{7E636BFE-DFA9-4D5E-B456-D7B39851D8A9}')
FOLDERID_ApplicationShortcuts = GUID('{A3918781-E5F2-4890-B3D9-A7E54332328C}')
FOLDERID_HomeGroupCurrentUser = GUID('{9B74B6A3-0DFD-4f11-9E78-5F7800F2E772}')
FOLDERID_SkyDrive = GUID('{A52BBA46-E9E1-435f-B3D9-28DAA648C0F6}')
FOLDERID_SkyDriveCameraRoll = GUID('{767E6811-49CB-4273-87C2-20F355E1085B}')
FOLDERID_SkyDriveDocuments = GUID('{24D89E24-2F19-4534-9DDE-6A6671FBB8FE}')
FOLDERID_SkyDrivePictures = GUID('{339719B5-8C47-4894-94C2-D8F77ADD44A6}')
class SimpleNamespace(object):
def __init__(self, **kwds):
vars(self).update(kwds)
def __dir__(self):
return [x for x in sorted(vars(self)) if not x.startswith('__')]
FOLDERID = SimpleNamespace(
# fixed
Windows = FOLDERID_Windows,
System = FOLDERID_System,
SystemX86 = FOLDERID_SystemX86,
Fonts = FOLDERID_Fonts,
ResourceDir = FOLDERID_ResourceDir,
UserProfiles = FOLDERID_UserProfiles,
Profile = FOLDERID_Profile,
Public = FOLDERID_Public,
ProgramData = FOLDERID_ProgramData,
ProgramFiles = FOLDERID_ProgramFiles,
ProgramFilesX64 = FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX64,
ProgramFilesX86 = FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX86,
ProgramFilesCommon = FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommon,
ProgramFilesCommonX64 = FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX64,
ProgramFilesCommonX86 = FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX86,
# common
PublicDesktop=FOLDERID_PublicDesktop,
PublicDocuments=FOLDERID_PublicDocuments,
PublicDownloads=FOLDERID_PublicDownloads,
PublicMusic=FOLDERID_PublicMusic,
PublicPictures=FOLDERID_PublicPictures,
PublicVideos=FOLDERID_PublicVideos,
CommonStartMenu=FOLDERID_CommonStartMenu,
CommonPrograms=FOLDERID_CommonPrograms,
CommonStartup=FOLDERID_CommonStartup,
CommonTemplates=FOLDERID_CommonTemplates,
# user
Desktop=FOLDERID_Desktop,
Documents=FOLDERID_Documents,
Downloads=FOLDERID_Downloads,
Music=FOLDERID_Music,
Pictures=FOLDERID_Pictures,
Videos=FOLDERID_Videos,
LocalAppData=FOLDERID_LocalAppData,
LocalAppDataLow=FOLDERID_LocalAppDataLow,
RoamingAppData=FOLDERID_RoamingAppData,
StartMenu=FOLDERID_StartMenu,
Programs=FOLDERID_Programs,
Startup=FOLDERID_Startup,
Templates=FOLDERID_Templates,
UserProgramFiles=FOLDERID_UserProgramFiles,
# virtual
AppsFolder=FOLDERID_AppsFolder,
AccountPictures=FOLDERID_AccountPictures,
CameraRoll=FOLDERID_CameraRoll,
PublicUserTiles=FOLDERID_PublicUserTiles,
RoamedTileImages=FOLDERID_RoamedTileImages,
RoamingTiles=FOLDERID_RoamingTiles,
Screenshots=FOLDERID_Screenshots,
SearchHistory=FOLDERID_SearchHistory,
SearchTemplates=FOLDERID_SearchTemplates,
ApplicationShortcuts=FOLDERID_ApplicationShortcuts,
HomeGroupCurrentUser=FOLDERID_HomeGroupCurrentUser,
SkyDrive=FOLDERID_SkyDrive,
SkyDriveCameraRoll=FOLDERID_SkyDriveCameraRoll,
SkyDriveDocuments=FOLDERID_SkyDriveDocuments,
SkyDrivePictures=FOLDERID_SkyDrivePictures,
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
for fid in dir(FOLDERID):
try:
path = get_known_folder_path(getattr(FOLDERID, fid))
print("%s = %s" % (fid, path))
except OSError:
pass
示例：
import os
import shutil
from knownfolders import *
all_users = True
filename = 'userid.py'
module_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
if all_users:
startup_path = get_known_folder_path(FOLDERID.CommonStartup)
else:
startup_path = get_known_folder_path(FOLDERID.Startup)
src = os.path.join(module_path, filename)
dst = os.path.join(startup_path, filename)
shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
答案 1 :(得分：0)
os.rename("$s/userid.py", "%s/Videos/userid.py") % ('os.getcwd()', '%userid')
％userid只会为您提供userid，您需要指定完整路径。另请注意您使用的$ s，它应该是％s。
请注意这两个目录应该事先存在。虽然目标目录中的文件不应该
。您也可以使用shutil.move()。