我有一个结构
typedef struct
{
int size; //size of array
int array*
}
如何使用size变量和malloc
?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
int *ptr;
ptr = malloc(sizeof *ptr * size);
//can now reference ptr[0], ptr[1], ... ptr[size-1].
以上代码的作用:为int数组分配内存时,为每个所需元素分配4个字节的内存(sizeof(int))。因此,当你使用malloc时,你可以将元素的大小乘以你需要的元素数量。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
答案 2 :(得分:1)
您的问题的答案取决于您是否声明了struct
或指向 mystruct s
的指针。如果您声明了一个结构(例如s.size
),那么您只需要为s.array
中的typedef struct mystruct {
int size;
int *array;
} mystruct;
...
mystruct s;
s.size = 5;
/* allocating array based on size */
s.array = malloc (s.size * sizeof *s.array);
if (!s.array) {
fprintf (stderr, "error: virtual memory exhausted.\n");
return 1;
}
元素分配内存。 e.g:
malloc
注意:您必须验证分配成功,并且malloc
每次致电s.array
时实际返回了有效地址。 (您可以创建一个函数来执行此操作以减少键入)。完成后,您只需要免费struct
。
但是,如果您声明指向 mystruct *msp = NULL;
的指针(例如msp
),则现在必须为msp->array
和mystruct *msp = NULL;
msp = malloc (sizeof *msp);
if (!msp) {
fprintf (stderr, "error: virtual memory exhausted.\n");
return 1;
}
msp->size = 5;
/* allocating array based on size */
msp->array = malloc (msp->size * sizeof *msp->array);
if (!msp->array) {
fprintf (stderr, "error: virtual memory exhausted.\n");
return 1;
}
分配内存。例如:
free
完成后,您必须array
。
以下是一个快速示例,显示了#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct mystruct {
int size;
int *array;
} mystruct;
int main (void) {
size_t i = 0;
size_t nelements = 0;
int rd = 0;
/*
* declaring a struct mystruct
*/
mystruct s;
s.size = 5;
/* allocating array based on size */
s.array = malloc (s.size * sizeof *s.array);
if (!s.array) {
fprintf (stderr, "error: virtual memory exhausted.\n");
return 1;
}
/* fill array */
for (rd = 0; rd < s.size; rd++)
if (scanf ("%d", &s.array[nelements]) == 1)
nelements++;
for (i = 0; i < nelements; i++)
printf (" s.array[%zu] = %d\n", i, s.array[i]);
/* free allocated memory */
free (s.array);
putchar ('\n');
/*
* declaring a pointer to mystruct
*/
mystruct *msp = NULL;
/* allocate memory for msp (mystruct pointer) */
msp = malloc (sizeof *msp);
if (!msp) {
fprintf (stderr, "error: virtual memory exhausted.\n");
return 1;
}
msp->size = 5;
/* allocating array based on size */
msp->array = malloc (msp->size * sizeof *msp->array);
if (!msp->array) {
fprintf (stderr, "error: virtual memory exhausted.\n");
return 1;
}
/* fill array */
rd = 0;
nelements = 0;
for (rd = 0; rd < msp->size; rd++)
if (scanf ("%d", &msp->array[nelements]) == 1)
nelements++;
for (i = 0; i < nelements; i++)
printf (" msp->array[%zu] = %d\n", i, msp->array[i]);
/* free allocated memory */
free (msp->array);
free (msp);
return 0;
}
在两种情况下的内存分配,使用和释放:
$ printf "2\n4\n6\n8\n10\n12\n14\n16\n18\n20\n" | ./bin/struct_alloc_int
s.array[0] = 2
s.array[1] = 4
s.array[2] = 6
s.array[3] = 8
s.array[4] = 10
msp->array[0] = 12
msp->array[1] = 14
msp->array[2] = 16
msp->array[3] = 18
msp->array[4] = 20
示例使用/输出
valgrind
内存错误检查
在您编写的任何动态分配内存的代码中,您必须使用内存错误检查程序。对于Linux $ printf "2\n4\n6\n8\n10\n12\n14\n16\n18\n20\n" | valgrind ./bin/struct_alloc_int
==20515== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==20515== Copyright (C) 2002-2012, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==20515== Using Valgrind-3.8.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==20515== Command: ./bin/struct_alloc_int
==20515==
s.array[0] = 2
<snip>
msp->array[4] = 20
==20515==
==20515== HEAP SUMMARY:
==20515== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==20515== total heap usage: 3 allocs, 3 frees, 56 bytes allocated
==20515==
==20515== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==20515==
==20515== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==20515== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 2 from 2)
是正常的选择。有许多微妙的方法来滥用可能导致实际问题的内存块,没有理由不这样做。每个平台都有类似的记忆检查器。它们易于使用。只需通过它运行您的程序。
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