我正在尝试在开发环境的Ubuntu 14.04中自动安装，部分原因是我需要取消注释Nginx vHost配置的代码块：
#location ~ \.php$ {
# fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
#
# # With php5-cgi alone:
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# # With php5-fpm:
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
我试过sed：
sed -i "s/#location ~ \.php$ {
# fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
# # NOTE: You should have \"cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;\" in php.ini
#
# # With php5-cgi alone:
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# # With php5-fpm:
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}/location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(\/.+)$;
# NOTE: You should have \"cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;\" in php.ini
# With php5-cgi alone:
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# With php5-fpm:
fastcgi_pass unix:\/var\/run\/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}/g" /etc/nginx/sites-available/nginx.dev;
但是这会回来：
sed: -e expression #1, char 22: unterminated `s' command
我假设与语法错误有关，我试图逃避/和"字符，但我认为这还不够/正确。
我发现了这个：https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/26289/138115
这表明perl可能是一个很好的解决方案，因为它与Ubuntu一起安装我试过了：
perl -0777 -i.original -pe 's/#location ~ \.php$ {\n # fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(\/.+)$;\n # # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini\n #\n # # With php5-cgi alone:\n # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;\n # # With php5-fpm:\n # fastcgi_pass unix:\/var\/run\/php5-fpm.sock;\n # fastcgi_index index.php;\n # include fastcgi_params;\n #}/slocation ~ \.php$ {\n fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(\/.+)$;\n NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini\n With php5-cgi alone:\n fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;\n With php5-fpm:\n fastcgi_pass unix:\/var\/run\/php5-fpm.sock;\n fastcgi_index index.php;\n include fastcgi_params;\n}/igs' /etc/nginx/sites-available/nginx.dev;
但这会产生大量语法错误：
syntax error at -e line 1, near "(."
Unknown regexp modifier "/v" at -e line 1, within string
Unknown regexp modifier "/r" at -e line 1, within string
Unknown regexp modifier "/h" at -e line 1, within string
Unknown regexp modifier "/5" at -e line 1, within string
Not enough arguments for index at -e line 1, near "index."
syntax error at -e line 1, near "n}"
Execution of -e aborted due to compilation errors.
我之前为各种环境写了很多这样的脚本，但我总是试图避免替换多行文本，因为我从来没能做到这一点。今天，我已经花了3个小时，我仍然没有真正了解如何使这项工作。如果有人可以分享一些输入/洞察力以及如何实现它，那么非常感谢，谢谢！
修改1：
使用方括号简单转义：
#!/bin/bash
#/etc/nginx/sites-available/test.sh
file=$(<default.file);
search=$(<nginx_search.txt);
replace=$(<nginx_replace.txt);
$file =~ s[$search][$replace]g;
echo "$file" > "/etc/nginx/sites-available/test.file";
# Outputs notice: ./test.sh: line 6: #: command not found
test.file已创建，但它包含原始值default.file，但没有修改。
在perl中测试后，我收到：
syntax error at ./perl.perl line 6, near "(."
Unknown regexp modifier "/v" at ./perl.perl line 6, within string
Unknown regexp modifier "/r" at ./perl.perl line 6, within string
Unknown regexp modifier "/h" at ./perl.perl line 6, within string
Unknown regexp modifier "/5" at ./perl.perl line 6, within string
syntax error at ./perl.perl line 9, near ";
}"
Execution of ./perl.perl aborted due to compilation errors.
第6行写道：
# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
答案 0 :(得分：1)
注意 - 你提到（并标记）perl。以下是perl的观点。其中一些可能适用于传统的外壳，但我无法确切地说出什么。 perl确实支持超出基本POSIX规范的一些正则表达式。
这种模式的问题在于，你的模式中有分隔符。你的初始失败是因为它会处理这个斜杠：
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
作为＆＃39;分裂点＆＃39;在模式中。你可以通过转义分隔符来解决这个问题，但实际上更好的办法是 - 使用其他地方不存在的分隔符。在上文中，我建议您使用方括号：
my $str = "some fish";
$str =~ s[some][more]g;
print $str;
虽然作为替代方案 - 您可以使用range operator测试为＆＃39; true＆＃39;如果它在两个指定的分隔符内：
while ( <> ) {
if ( m|\#location.*php\$ \{| .. m|^\s*#\}| ) {
s/#//;
}
print ;
}
E.g：
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
while ( <DATA> ) {
if ( m|\#location.*php\$ \{| .. m|^\s*#\}| ) {
#note - no g modifier, so we only do the first per line
s/#//;
}
print ;
}
__DATA__
# Some stuff
we don't care about this line
#and this shouldn't be changed
#but after this point, it should be!
#location ~ \.php$ {
# fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
#
# # With php5-cgi alone:
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# # With php5-fpm:
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# and now we stop, and leave this bit alone.
more stuff;
here;
# and another comment line
如果你在两个分隔符之间（位置php和＆＃39;关闭波浪形括号＆＃39;在上面），这有条件地应用变换。
你可以单行 - 如果这样：
perl -ne 'if ( m|\#location.*php\$ \{| .. m|^\s*#\}| ) { s/#//g; } print' myfile
（如果要进行编辑，请添加-i）。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
我认为，这些长字符串替换总是挑剔的，并且通常最好尽量避免处理内容。我想出了这个，它只是捕获字符串，带走第一个#并重新打印该行：
use strict;
use warnings;
my $search = q|#location ~ \.php$ {
# fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
#
# # With php5-cgi alone:
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# # With php5-fpm:
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
|;
local $/; # slurp the file
while (<DATA>) {
s|(\Q$search\E)| my $x = $1; $x =~ s/^\s*#//mg; $x; |e;
print;
}
__DATA__
# stuff
#location ~ \.php$ {
# fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
#
# # With php5-cgi alone:
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# # With php5-fpm:
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
#comment
注意使用\Q ... \E来避免字符串中的正则表达式元字符让你感到困惑。
使用此方法，您应该能够从文件中读取搜索字符串（如果您需要）。