使用Python请求从URL保存图像 - URL类型错误

Question

使用以下代码：

    with open('newim','wb') as f:
        f.write(requests.get(repr(url)))

其中网址为：

    url = 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFoAAAArCAYAAAD41p9mAAAAzUlEQVR42u3awQ4DIQhFUf7/p9tNt20nHQGl5yUuh4c36BglgoiIiIiIiGiVHq+RGfvdiGG+lxKonGiWd4vvKZNd5V/u2zXRO953c2jx3bGiMrewLt+PgbJA/xJ3RS5dvl9PEdXLduK3baeOrKrc1bcF9MnLP7WqgR4GOjtOl28L6AlHtLSqBhpooIEGGmiggQYaaKCBBhpodx3H3XW4vQN6HugILyztoL0Zhlfw9G4tfR0FfR0VnTw6lQoT0XtXmMxfdJPuALr0x5Pp+wT35KKWb6NaVgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='

我收到以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 69, in get
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 50, in request
    response = session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 465, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 567, in send
    adapter = self.get_adapter(url=request.url)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 641, in get_adapter
    raise InvalidSchema("No connection adapters were found for '%s'" % url)

我看过其他帖子的内容，乍一看似乎是一个类似的问题，但我没有运气只是添加＆＃39; https：//＆＃39;或类似的东西...我真的想避免在webdriver + Autoit或其他东西中做这个，因为我必须为成千上万的图像做类似的练习。

Answer 1

这是用base64编码的图像。引用下面的URL：“base64等于图像本身的文本（字符串）表示”。

阅读本文以获得详细说明： http://www.stoimen.com/blog/2009/04/23/when-you-should-use-base64-for-images/

要使用它们，您必须实现base64解码器。幸运的是，SO已经为您提供了如何做到的答案：

Python base64 data decode

Answer 2

您对嵌入式图像概念的理解似乎存在问题。实际上，您发布的url是您选择＆＃39;查看图像＆＃39; 或＆＃39;复制图像位置＆＃39; （或类似的东西，取决于浏览器）从上下文菜单中，正式称为data URI。

指向图片的不 http url，您可以不使用它从任何服务器检索实际图片：这正是{ {1}}在错误消息中指出。

那么， 我们如何获得这些图片？ 以下脚本将处理此任务：

requests

要运行它，您需要与import requests from lxml import html import binascii as ba i = 0 url="<Page URL goes here>" #Ex: http://server/dir/images.html page = requests.get(url) struct = html.fromstring(page.text) images = struct.xpath('//img/@src') for img in images: i += 1 ext = img.partition('data:image/')[2].split(';')[0] with open('newim'+str(i)+'.'+ext,'wb') as f: f.write(ba.a2b_base64(img.partition('base64,')[2])) print("Done") 一起安装lxml可以找到here的库。

下面简要介绍脚本的功能：

首先它从服务器请求requests，并在获得服务器的响应后，将其存储在响应对象（url）中。

然后它利用 lxml 中的page来转换＆＃34; textified＆＃34; html.fromstring()的内容到树结构中，可以使用XPath语法通过命令处理，如下所示：page。

结果是images = struct.xpath('//img/@src')包含页面中每个图像的list属性的内容。在这种情况下（嵌入图像），这些是数据URI。

然后，对于列表中的每个图像，它首先使用src和newim获取图像类型（将用作partition()的扩展名）并将其存储在split()中。然后它将base64编码数据转换为二进制（使用 binascii 模块中的ext）并将输出写入文件。

作为一个小型演示，请在服务器中的某处保存此a2b_base64()代码（例如 images.html ）

html

并在脚本中指向它：<h1>Images</h1> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEcAAAAmCAYAAACWGIbgAAACKElEQVR4nO2aPWsUQRiAnznSKYI/IbBJoTkCEhDuuhQnMY2VhdjYbAoLO9N4VfwBlyKFFlYKYqNN9iCFnQeCCHrJFdkFf4IgKcO9FnLJJtzOfs3OGJgHtpi5nZl3H+abUyIieObSch3A/4yXo8HL0eDlaPByNHg5GrwcDV6OhnJyPt0bK6XYGhqMYLiFUir1dNlNDNafpmz8kkskU1gHZPaEUX6pfGKZ9nkOSPe9xJfz6AxmmTWpHn+2nDe8S1doVk5KAqFcqC4Kz9uq05CB+OfL0VRsRM7H3s9MAfFAWnCtVluG4p8/5zyRR/JPHBIPaMH1gqO0AAny/eBt5s/BMqdwd5Z8/XKX0lOQofjtr1bJPgs77BV+f/SB/aYm6BzsyzmMxlM4KV5gxCRuLhwd9uX8PhiXLXL0p/zIMoFlOQnyix/pnO76Ru6Hf/k8DJqLKZursUM+PHbSdSzLiWGHb3bbrM7V6DmOsCxnCfqslS62soyLSceynAC1yGrZUkUm7SawP6xu9trpZJGV6PYNJx3HgZyV++1y2/kOt5aaC0eHfTnBJqd9nhZ+v/OQTSf9xslqFaDu9B6fJS/vYZJjFuDrLBm+eOZmTFFRTu3t/IO99rTPNgCjCReOTvGEs7NXGPFqo1ZLcykcf6W7ESO3dDk3gWauG2vFX+myK/2cf1hF0jd/INCRQV3zhuJXIv5fFln444MGL0eDl6PBy9Hg5WjwcjR4ORr+Aq7+02kTcdF1AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" /> <br /> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFoAAAArCAYAAAD41p9mAAAAzUlEQVR42u3awQ4DIQhFUf7/p9tNt20nHQGl5yUuh4c36BglgoiIiIiIiGiVHq+RGfvdiGG+lxKonGiWd4vvKZNd5V/u2zXRO953c2jx3bGiMrewLt+PgbJA/xJ3RS5dvl9PEdXLduK3baeOrKrc1bcF9MnLP7WqgR4GOjtOl28L6AlHtLSqBhpooIEGGmiggQYaaKCBBhpodx3H3XW4vQN6HugILyztoL0Zhlfw9G4tfR0FfR0VnTw6lQoT0XtXmMxfdJPuALr0x5Pp+wT35KKWb6NaVgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></img> <br /> <img src="data:image/jpg;base64,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"/> 。

运行脚本时，您将获得以下3张图片： ，，，分别命名为requests.get("http://yourserver/somedir/images.html")，newim1.png和newim2.png。

提醒一下，请注意此脚本（以其当前形式）仅处理嵌入图像。如果你想处理普通的链接图像，那么你必须相应地修改它（但这并不困难）。