FileSystemWatcher跳过一些事件

时间:2015-10-09 23:38:04

标签: c# filesystemwatcher

如果你谷歌搜索FileSystemWatcher问题,你会发现很多关于FileSystemWatcher跳过某些事件的文章(不会触发所有事件)。基本上,如果您更改了监视文件夹中的大量文件,其中一些文件将不是FileSystemWatcher的进程。

为什么会这样,我怎样才能避免错过事件?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

原因

FileSystemWatcher正在关注某些文件夹中发生的更改。更改文件(例如创建文件)后,FileSystemWatcher会引发相应的事件。事件处理程序可能会解压缩文件,读取其内容以决定如何进一步处理它,在数据库日志表中写入它的记录并将文件移动到另一个文件夹。处理文件可能需要一些时间。

在此期间,可能会在监视文件夹中创建另一个文件。由于FileSystemWatcher的事件处理程序正在处理第一个文件,因此它无法处理第二个文件的创建事件。因此,FileSystemWatcher错过了第二个文件。 enter image description here

解决方案

由于文件处理可能需要一些时间,而FileSystemWatcher可能无法检测到其他文件的创建,因此文件处理应与文件更改检测分开,文件更改检测应该非常短,以至于不会错过单个文件更改。文件处理可以分为两个线程:一个用于文件更改检测,另一个用于文件处理。当文件被更改并由FileSystemWatcher检测到时,相应的事件处理程序应该只读取其路径,将其转发到文件处理线程并关闭自身,以便FileSystemWatcher可以检测到另一个文件更改并使用相同的事件处理程序。处理线程可能需要花费尽可能多的时间来处理文件。队列用于将文件路径从事件处理程序线程转发到处理线程。 enter image description here

这是典型的生产者 - 消费者问题。有关生产者 - 消费者队列的更多信息,请参见here

代码

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace FileSystemWatcherExample {
    class Program {
        static void Main(string[] args) {
            // If a directory and filter are not specified, exit program
            if (args.Length !=2) {
                // Display the proper way to call the program
                Console.WriteLine("Usage: Watcher.exe \"directory\" \"filter\"");
                return;
            }

            FileProcessor fileProcessor = new FileProcessor();

            // Create a new FileSystemWatcher
            FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher1 = new FileSystemWatcher();

            // Set FileSystemWatcher's properties
            fileSystemWatcher1.Path = args[0];
            fileSystemWatcher1.Filter = args[1];
            fileSystemWatcher1.IncludeSubdirectories = false;

            // Add event handlers
            fileSystemWatcher1.Created += new System.IO.FileSystemEventHandler(this.fileSystemWatcher1_Created);

            // Start to watch
            fileSystemWatcher1.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

            // Wait for the user to quit the program
            Console.WriteLine("Press \'q\' to quit the program.");
            while(Console.Read()!='q');

            // Turn off FileSystemWatcher
            if (fileSystemWatcher1 != null) {
                fileSystemWatcher1.EnableRaisingEvents = false;
                fileSystemWatcher1.Dispose();
                fileSystemWatcher1 = null;
            }

            // Dispose fileProcessor
            if (fileProcessor != null)
                fileProcessor.Dispose();
        }

        // Define the event handler
        private void fileSystemWatcher1_Created(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e) {
            // If file is created...
            if (e.ChangeType == WatcherChangeTypes.Created) {
                // ...enqueue it's file name so it can be processed...
                fileProcessor.EnqueueFileName(e.FullPath);
            }
            // ...and immediately finish event handler
        }
    }


    // File processor class
    class FileProcessor : IDisposable {
        // Create an AutoResetEvent EventWaitHandle
        private EventWaitHandle eventWaitHandle = new AutoResetEvent(false);
        private Thread worker;
        private readonly object locker = new object();
        private Queue<string> fileNamesQueue = new Queue<string>();

        public FileProcessor() {
            // Create worker thread
            worker = new Thread(Work);
            // Start worker thread
            worker.Start();
        }

        public void EnqueueFileName(string FileName) {
            // Enqueue the file name
            // This statement is secured by lock to prevent other thread to mess with queue while enqueuing file name
            lock (locker) fileNamesQueue.Enqueue(FileName);
            // Signal worker that file name is enqueued and that it can be processed
            eventWaitHandle.Set();
        }

        private void Work() {
            while (true) {
                string fileName = null;

                // Dequeue the file name
                lock (locker)
                    if (fileNamesQueue.Count > 0) {
                        fileName = fileNamesQueue.Dequeue();
                        // If file name is null then stop worker thread
                        if (fileName == null) return;
                    }

                if (fileName != null) {
                    // Process file
                    ProcessFile(fileName);
                } else {
                    // No more file names - wait for a signal
                    eventWaitHandle.WaitOne();
                }
            }
        }

        private ProcessFile(string FileName) {
            // Maybe it has to wait for file to stop being used by process that created it before it can continue
            // Unzip file
            // Read its content
            // Log file data to database
            // Move file to archive folder
        }


        #region IDisposable Members

        public void Dispose() {
            // Signal the FileProcessor to exit
            EnqueueFileName(null);
            // Wait for the FileProcessor's thread to finish
            worker.Join();
            // Release any OS resources
            eventWaitHandle.Close();
        }

        #endregion
    }
}