vim语法：仅在其他匹配之间匹配

Question

我正在尝试为我的日志文件创建语法文件。他们采用以下格式：

[time] LEVEL filepath:line - message

我的语法文件如下所示：

:syn region logTime start=+^\[+ end=+\] +me=e-1
:syn keyword logCritical CRITICAL skipwhite nextgroup=logFile
:syn keyword logError ERROR skipwhite nextgroup=logFile
:syn keyword logWarn WARN skipwhite nextgroup=logFile
:syn keyword logInfo INFO skipwhite nextgroup=logFile
:syn keyword logDebug DEBUG skipwhite nextgroup=logFile
:syn match logFile " \S\+:" contained nextgroup=logLineNumber
:syn match logLineNumber "\d\+" contained

我遇到的问题是，如果消息中出现字符串ERROR或DEBUG或其他内容，则会突出显示。但我不想要它。我想要它，以便关键字只有在它们紧跟在文件路径之后并紧接在文件路径之前才会突出显示。

这是怎么做到的？

Answer 1

使用如下所示的测试文件：

" Match the beginning of a log entry. This match is a superset which
" contains other matches (those named in the "contains") parameter.
"
"     ^                   Beginning of line
"     \[                  Opening square bracket of timestamp
"         [^\[\]]\+       A class that matches anything that isn't '[' or ']'
"                             Inside a class, ^ means "not"
"                             So this matches 1 or more non-bracket characters
"                             (in other words, the timestamp itself)
"                             The \+ following the class means "1 or more of these"
"     \]                  Closing square bracket of timestamp
"     \s\+                Whitespace character (1 or more)
"     [A-Z]\+             Uppercase letter (1 or more)
"
" So, this matches the timestamp and the entry type (ERROR, CRITICAL...)
"
syn match logBeginning "^\[[^\[\]]\+\]\s\+[A-Z]\+" contains=logTime,logCritical,logError,logWarn,logInfo,logDebug

" A region that will match the timestamp. It starts with a bracket and
" ends with a bracket. "contained" means that it is expected to be contained
" inside another match (and above, logBeginning notes that it contains logTime).
" The "me" parameter e-1 means that the syntax match will be offset by 1 character
" at the end. This is usually done when the highlighting goes a character too far.
syn region logTime start=+^\[+ end=+\] +me=e-1 contained

" A list of keywords that define which types we expect (ERROR, WARN, etc.)
" These are all marked contained because they are a subset of the first
" match rule, logBeginning.
syn keyword logCritical CRITICAL contained
syn keyword logError ERROR contained
syn keyword logWarn WARN contained
syn keyword logInfo INFO contained
syn keyword logDebug DEBUG contained

" Now that we have taken care of the timestamp and log type we move on
" to the filename and the line number. This match will catch both of them.
"
" \S\+         NOT whitespace (1 or more) - matches the filename
" :            Matches a literal colon character
" \d\+         Digit (1 or more) - matches the line number
syn match logFileAndNumber " \S\+:\d\+" contains=logFile,logLineNumber

" This will match only the log filename so we can highlight it differently
" than the line number.
syn match logFile " \S\+:" contained

" Match only the line number.
syn match logLineNumber "\d\+" contained

此语法文件适用于我，并未在消息部分中突出显示这些关键字。

\d\+

你可能很好奇为什么不使用各种匹配，我使用了包含的匹配。这是因为像[2015-10-05 13:02:27,619] ERROR /home/admusr/autobot/WebManager/wm/operators.py:2371 - Failed to fix py rpc info: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/opt/.djangoserverinfo' [2015-10-05 13:02:13,147] ERROR /home/admusr/autobot/WebManager/wm/operators.py:3223 - Failed to get field "{'_labkeys': ['NTP Server'], 'varname': 'NTP Server', 'displaygroup': 'Lab Info'}" value from lab info: [Errno 111] Connection refused [2015-10-05 13:02:38,012] ERROR /home/admusr/autobot/WebManager/wm/operators.py:3838 - Failed to add py rpc info: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/opt/.djangoserverinfo' [2015-10-05 12:39:22,835] DEBUG /home/admusr/autobot/WebManager/wm/operators.py:749 - no last results get: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: u'/home/admusr/autobot/admin/branches/Wireless_12.2.0_ewortzman/.lastresults' 这样的某些匹配过于通用而无法匹配行中的任何位置并且是正确的 - 使用包含的匹配它们可以组合成更可能正确的模式。在此语法文件的早期版本中，某些示例行是错误的，例如，如果＆＃34; ERROR＆＃34;在行后面的日志条目文本中显示，它将突出显示。但在此定义中，这些关键字仅在它们位于仅在行开头显示的时间戳旁边时才匹配。因此，容器是一种更精确匹配的方式，但也可以控制正则表达式的长度和复杂性。

更新：根据您提供的示例行（如下所示），我在上面第一行改进了正则表达式，在我的测试中，它现在正常运行。

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