我尝试使用watchdog在dir中发生任何更改时运行同步脚本(一个特定文件除外)。我只是复制了自述文件中的代码(粘贴在下面),它完成了它所说的内容;记录哪个文件已更改。
import sys
import time
import logging
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import LoggingEventHandler
if __name__ == "__main__":
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s - %(message)s',
datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
path = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else '.'
event_handler = LoggingEventHandler()
observer = Observer()
observer.schedule(event_handler, path, recursive=True)
observer.start()
try:
while True:
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
observer.stop()
observer.join()
我现在想要在任何变化时运行一个函数(它将整个文件夹同步到远程机器)。所以我用自己的函数替换了event_handler
。但这给了我以下错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/watchdog/observers/api.py", line 199, in run
self.dispatch_events(self.event_queue, self.timeout)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/watchdog/observers/api.py", line 368, in dispatch_events
handler.dispatch(event)
AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'dispatch'
有人知道我在这里做错了什么吗?欢迎所有提示!
PS。我还想排除文件夹中的一个文件被观看。任何想法我应该怎么做?
答案 0 :(得分:16)
你需要在发送中继承并做任何你想做的事情:
import sys
import time
import logging
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import LoggingEventHandler
class Event(LoggingEventHandler):
def dispatch(self, event):
print("Foobar")
if __name__ == "__main__":
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s - %(message)s',
datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
path = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else '.'
event_handler = Event()
observer = Observer()
observer.schedule(event_handler, path, recursive=True)
observer.start()
try:
while True:
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
observer.stop()
observer.join()
如果您运行代码,只要检测到更改,您就会看到输出Foobar
,忽略您可能需要使用的文件[events.PatternMatchingEventHandler] [1]。每个
如果要修改某些内容,我们可以覆盖on_modified
:
class Event(LoggingEventHandler):
def on_modified(self, event):
print("Doh")
使用上面的类event_handler = Event()
运行代码并更改文件将输出如下内容:
Doh
Doh
Doh
Doh
Doh
Doh
Doh
2015-10-03 15:33:55 - Created file: ./test.txt___jb_bak___
2015-10-03 15:33:55 - Moved file: from ./test.txt to ./test.txt___jb_old___
2015-10-03 15:33:55 - Moved file: from ./test.txt___jb_bak___ to ./test.txt
2015-10-03 15:33:55 - Deleted file: ./test.txt___jb_old___
Doh
[1]:您可以覆盖的http://pythonhosted.org/watchdog/api.html#watchdog.events.PatternMatchingEventHandler EventHandler
类,这一切都取决于您想要做什么。 LoggingEventHandler
类itslef是watchdog.events.FileSystemEventHandler
的子类:
class watchdog.events.FileSystemEventHandler 基地:对象
Base file system event handler that you can override methods from.
<强>调度(事件)强> 将事件调度到适当的方法。
Parameters: event (FileSystemEvent) – The event object representing the file system event.
<强> on_any_event(事件)强> Catch-all事件处理程序。
Parameters: event (FileSystemEvent) – The event object representing the file system event.
<强> on_created(事件)强> 在创建文件或目录时调用。
Parameters: event (DirCreatedEvent or FileCreatedEvent) – Event representing file/directory creation.
<强> on_deleted(事件)强> 在删除文件或目录时调用。
Parameters: event (DirDeletedEvent or FileDeletedEvent) – Event representing file/directory deletion.
<强> on_modified(事件)强> 在修改文件或目录时调用。
Parameters: event (DirModifiedEvent or FileModifiedEvent) – Event representing file/directory modification.
<强> on_moved(事件)强> 在移动或重命名文件或目录时调用。
Parameters: event (DirMovedEvent or FileMovedEvent) – Event representing file/directory movement.
答案 1 :(得分:2)
python 中有很多方法可以跟踪目录中所做的更改。其中一种方法是使用 watchdog
模块。
pip install watchdog
如果您想在创建或修改文件/目录时进行更改(当前在根目录 - "."
中),您可以使用以下代码:
import time
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler
class Watcher:
def __init__(self, path):
self.observer = Observer()
self.path = path
def run(self):
event_handler = Handler()
self.observer.schedule(event_handler, self.path, recursive=True)
self.observer.start()
try:
while True:
time.sleep(1)
except:
self.observer.stop()
print("Error")
self.observer.join()
class Handler(FileSystemEventHandler):
@staticmethod
def on_any_event(event):
# if event.is_directory:
# return None
print(
"[{}] noticed: [{}] on: [{}] ".format(
time.asctime(), event.event_type, event.src_path
)
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
w = Watcher(".")
w.run()
event.src_path
将是完整的文件路径event.event_type
将被创建、移动等如果您想忽略目录更改,只需删除注释即可。
输出:
[Tue Feb 9 00:16:02 2021] noticed: [created] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow/test.txt]
[Tue Feb 9 00:16:02 2021] noticed: [modified] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow]
[Tue Feb 9 00:16:19 2021] noticed: [created] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow/download.jpg]
[Tue Feb 9 00:16:19 2021] noticed: [modified] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow]
[Tue Feb 9 00:16:30 2021] noticed: [created] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow/new_folder]
[Tue Feb 9 00:16:30 2021] noticed: [modified] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow]
[Tue Feb 9 00:16:46 2021] noticed: [deleted] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow/new_folder]
[Tue Feb 9 00:16:46 2021] noticed: [modified] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow]
[Tue Feb 9 00:16:52 2021] noticed: [deleted] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow/download.jpg]
[Tue Feb 9 00:16:52 2021] noticed: [modified] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow]
[Tue Feb 9 00:17:00 2021] noticed: [deleted] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow/test.txt]
[Tue Feb 9 00:17:00 2021] noticed: [modified] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow]
Observer
是监视任何文件系统更改然后将事件分派给事件处理程序的类。它监视文件系统并查找任何更改。
EventHandler
是一个对象,当文件系统发生某些事情时会收到通知。通常会编写一个脚本来监视创建或修改的任何类型的新文件,如 csv、txt、xml、jpg 等。
例如,在下面的代码中,PatternMatchingEventHandler
继承自 FileSystemEventHandler
类并用于执行此操作。这个类的一些有用的方法是:
on_any_event
:将针对任何事件执行。on_created
:在创建文件或目录时执行。on_modified
:在修改文件或重命名目录时执行。on_deleted
:删除文件或目录时执行。on_moved
:在移动文件或目录时执行。以下脚本仅用于使用 PatternMAtchingEventHandler
观察 .csv 文件。如果您想观察多种类型的文件,您可以进一步扩展模式列表。
import watchdog.events
import watchdog.observers
import time
import sys
class Handler(watchdog.events.PatternMatchingEventHandler):
def __init__(self):
# Set the patterns for PatternMatchingEventHandler
watchdog.events.PatternMatchingEventHandler.__init__(
self,
patterns=["*.csv"],
ignore_directories=True,
case_sensitive=False,
)
def on_any_event(self, event):
print(
"[{}] noticed: [{}] on: [{}] ".format(
time.asctime(), event.event_type, event.src_path
)
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
path = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "."
event_handler = Handler()
observer = watchdog.observers.Observer()
observer.schedule(event_handler, path=path, recursive=True)
observer.start()
try:
while True:
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
observer.stop()
observer.join()
PatternMAtchingEventHandler
的帮助下,我们可以利用仅处理与具有 .csv 扩展名的文件相关的事件。输出:
[Tue Feb 9 00:18:51 2021] noticed: [created] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow/test.csv]
[Tue Feb 9 00:18:59 2021] noticed: [modified] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow/test.csv]
[Tue Feb 9 00:19:12 2021] noticed: [deleted] on: [/Users/mt/Documents/stackoverflow/test.csv]