此代码工作正常。
CalculateButton = tk.Button(self.root, text="Calculate", command=lambda: calc.GrandTotal()).grid(row=6, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E)
但是这段代码会导致错误:" NameError:全局名称' app'未定义"
CalculateButton = tk.Button(self.root, text="Calculate", command=calc.GrandTotal()).grid(row=6, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E)
那么为什么删除Lambda会导致错误?
源代码本身是:
# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-
import Tkinter as tk
import tkMessageBox
# Classes
class Application(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self):
# Create G.U.I. Framework
self.root = tk.Tk()
tk.Frame.__init__(self)
self.root.title("Job Estimator")
self.root.geometry("290x152")
self.root.resizable(0,0)
# Create G.U.I. Widgets
tk.Label(self.root, text="Labour: " + unichr(163) + "40.00 x Hours") .grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W)
tk.Label(self.root, text="Travel: " + unichr(163) + "1.00 x Miles") .grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W)
tk.Label(self.root, text="Plastic: " + unichr(163) + "2.00 x Metres").grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=tk.W)
tk.Label(self.root, text="Copper: " + unichr(163) + "3.00 x Metres").grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=tk.W)
tk.Label(self.root, text="Chrome: " + unichr(163) + "4.00 x Metres") .grid(row=4, column=0, sticky=tk.W)
tk.Label(self.root, text="Total: " + unichr(163)) .grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=tk.W)
self.totalLabel = tk.Label(self.root, text="0.00")
self.totalLabel.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=tk.W, padx=42, pady=0)
self.LabourInput = tk.Entry(self.root)
self.LabourInput.grid(row=0, column=1)
self.LabourInput.insert(0, "0")
self.TravelInput = tk.Entry(self.root)
self.TravelInput.grid(row=1, column=1)
self.TravelInput.insert(0, "0")
self.PlasticInput = tk.Entry(self.root)
self.PlasticInput.grid(row=2, column=1)
self.PlasticInput.insert(0, "0")
self.CopperInput = tk.Entry(self.root)
self.CopperInput.grid(row=3, column=1)
self.CopperInput.insert(0, "0")
self.ChromeInput = tk.Entry(self.root)
self.ChromeInput.grid(row=4, column=1)
self.ChromeInput.insert(0, "0")
CalculateButton = tk.Button(self.root, text="Calculate", command=calc.GrandTotal()).grid(row=6, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E)
class Calculator():
def __init__(self):
pass
def Multiply(self, number, rate):
try:
NumFloat = float(number)
RateFloat = float(rate)
return NumFloat * RateFloat
except (ValueError):
raise tkMessageBox.showerror("Error", "One or more text fields contains non-numerical characters.")
def GrandTotal(self): # Adds each entry field to produce and return a grand total.
# Set Variables
self.LabourTotal = self.Multiply(app.LabourInput. get(), 40)
self.TravelTotal = self.Multiply(app.TravelInput. get(), 1)
self.PlasticTotal = self.Multiply(app.PlasticInput.get(), 2)
self.CopperTotal = self.Multiply(app.CopperInput. get(), 3)
self.ChromeTotal = self.Multiply(app.ChromeInput. get(), 4)
self.CompleteTotal = self.LabourTotal + self.TravelTotal + self.PlasticTotal + self.CopperTotal + self.ChromeTotal
return app.totalLabel.config(text=self.CompleteTotal) # Return the total value.
calc = Calculator()
app = Application()
app.mainloop()
有什么想法吗?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
app
实例之后才定义 Application()
,这意味着Application.__init__
必须先完成 。
删除lambda
后,您直接调用calc.GrandTotal()
方法,该方法依赖于已存在的app
。它没有,因为Application.__init__
还没有完成。
然而,command
参数的重点是传递稍后将被称为的内容。这就是lambda
工作的原因,当按下计算按钮时,它会生成一个稍后调用calc.GrantTotal()
的函数。通过直接调用它可以使这条正常路径短路。
calc.GrantTotal
请注意,我在单独的表达式中调用了()
方法。 CalculateButton = tk.Button(
self.root, text="Calculate", command=calc.GrandTotal)
CalculateButton.grid(row=6, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E)
返回Button.grid()
;将返回值存储在变量中没有意义。改为存储Button.grid()
返回值。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
lambda
用于创建一个函数,当被调用时(即,当您单击按钮时),将调用calc.GrandTotal
。没有它,您将立即调用GrantTotal
的返回值指定为回调。