我正在尝试将Django和Django REST框架混合到一个模块中，以便查看它是否可行。到目前为止，我有以下代码：
###############################################################################
# SETTINGS
###############################################################################
import os
from django.apps import apps
from django.conf import settings
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
if not settings.configured:
settings.configure(
DEBUG=True,
SECRET_KEY='thisisthesecretkey',
ROOT_URLCONF=__name__,
STATIC_URL='/static/',
STATICFILES_DIRS=(
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
),
MIGRATION_MODULES = {'__main__': 'migrations'},
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES=(
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
),
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': 'tinydb',
}
},
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'__main__',
'rest_framework',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
),
)
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
###############################################################################
# MODELS
###############################################################################
from django.db import models
class Book(models.Model):
ISBN = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
author = models.CharField(max_length=100)
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
description = models.CharField(max_length=500)
###############################################################################
# SERIALIZERS
###############################################################################
from rest_framework import serializers
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
###############################################################################
# VIEWS
###############################################################################
class BooksView():
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
###############################################################################
# URLCONF
###############################################################################
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'books', BooksView)
urlpatterns = (
url(r'^$', include(router.urls)),
)
###############################################################################
# MANAGE
###############################################################################
import sys
if __name__ == "__main__":
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
现在，服务器运行，我看到了API浏览器。但是，当我尝试创建一个对象时，我得到以下跟踪：
>>> from __main__ import Book
>>> Book.objects.create(author='a1', title='t1', description='d1')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 127, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 348, in create
obj.save(force_insert=True, using=self.db)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 734, in save
force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 762, in save_base
updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 846, in _save_table
result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 885, in _do_insert
using=using, raw=raw)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 127, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 920, in _insert
return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 974, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 79, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 97, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 658, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/lwm/.virtualenvs/tiny-api/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 318, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such table: __main___book
makemigrations返回：
lwm$ python api.py makemigrations
No changes detected
我可以进行迁移：
lwm$ python api.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Synchronize unmigrated apps: __main__, staticfiles, rest_framework
Apply all migrations: (none)
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
Creating tables...
Running deferred SQL...
Installing custom SQL...
Running migrations:
No migrations to apply.
因此。我想，由于我没有在单独的应用程序中使用我的Book模型，因此没有为其创建数据库表。除了手动创建表格之外，例如，使用db_table Meta字段，我仍然希望得到ORM为我做的所有好事。
有什么想法吗？
答案 0 :(得分：1)
尝试从已安装的应用列表中删除__main__。除非你确实有一个名为__main__的应用程序（鉴于double underscores means something in python，你可能不应该这样做），但这不应该在那里。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
这是一个稍微不同的代码，但它有效。我使用的是Python 3.6 \ o /和Django 1.10。请注意，如果您当前位于名为bar的文件夹中，并且将此脚本保存为foo.py，则应使用此命令进行迁移：python foo.py makemigrations bar。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
""" greetings """
import os
import sys
from django.conf import settings
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
# use base_dir as import root
sys.path[0] = os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR)
# the current folder name will also be our app
APP_LABEL = os.path.basename(BASE_DIR)
settings.configure(
DEBUG=os.environ.get('DEBUG', 'on') == 'on',
SECRET_KEY=os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY', os.urandom(32)),
ALLOWED_HOSTS=os.environ.get('ALLOWED_HOSTS', 'localhost').split(','),
ROOT_URLCONF=__name__,
MIDDLEWARE=[
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
],
INSTALLED_APPS=[
APP_LABEL,
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'rest_framework',
],
STATIC_URL='/static/',
STATICFILES_DIRS=[
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
],
STATIC_ROOT=os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static_root"),
MEDIA_ROOT=os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media"),
MEDIA_URL='/media/',
TEMPLATES=[
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates"),],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.i18n',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.template.context_processors.tz',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
],
DATABASES={
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
},
REST_FRAMEWORK={
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',
],
'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}
)
import django
django.setup() # responsible for populating the application registry.
from django.db import models
from django.contrib import admin
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
class Meta:
app_label = APP_LABEL
class Book(models.Model):
author = models.ForeignKey(Author, related_name='books')
title = models.CharField(max_length=400)
class Meta:
app_label = APP_LABEL
admin.site.register(Book)
admin.site.register(Author)
admin.autodiscover()
from rest_framework import serializers
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = '__all__'
from rest_framework import viewsets
class BooksViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.contrib import admin
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'books', BooksViewSet)
def index(request):
""" index """
return HttpResponse("Hello")
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^$', index, name='homepage'),
url(r'^api/', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls',\
namespace='rest_framework'))
]
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
def return_application():
return get_wsgi_application()
if __name__ == "__main__":
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
else:
return_application()
我希望它有所帮助。