Rubocop向The Ruby Style Guide确认。它不鼓励使用除实例变量之外的任何东西。我发现不使用至少类变量会让人感到困惑。样式指南中的这个片段对全局变量的使用不以为然,而是推荐模块实例变量:
# bad
$foo_bar = 1
# good
module Foo
class << self
attr_accessor :bar
end
end
Foo.bar = 1
警惕使用全局变量是有意义的,但是既不使用全局变量也不使用类变量会让我大吃一惊。
在模块实例变量和类实例变量中,哪种内存使用效率更高?
例如:
选项A(类实例变量):
# things that exist only with life
module Life
# an instance of life with unique actions/attributes
class Person
attr_accessor :memories
def initialize
@memories = []
end
def memorize(something)
@memories << something
end
end
end
bob = Life::Person.new
bob.memorize 'birthday'
bob.memorize 'wedding'
bob.memorize 'anniversary'
bob.memories
# => ["birthday", "wedding", "anniversary"]
选项B(模块实例变量):
# things that exist only with life
module Life
# something all living things possess
module Memory
class << self
attr_accessor :memories
end
end
# an instance of life with unique actions/attributes
class Person
include Memory
def initialize
Memory.memories = []
end
def memorize(something)
Memory.memories << something
end
def memories
Memory.memories
end
end
end
bob = Life::Person.new
bob.memorize 'birthday'
bob.memorize 'wedding'
bob.memorize 'anniversary'
bob.memories
# => ["birthday", "wedding", "anniversary"]
答案 0 :(得分:3)
你误解了术语“类实例变量”。它表示“Class
对象上的实例变量”,而不是“某个类的实例上的实例变量”。
class Person
attr_accessor :memories # instance variable, not shared
class << self
attr_accessor :memories # class instance variable, shared between
# all instances of this class
end
end
显然,有时你需要使用类实例变量。不要使用类变量(@@memories
),因为它们在层次结构中的所有类(类及其子类)之间共享,这可能会导致令人惊讶的行为。