我在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 上运行 Django 1.8 和 Python 3.4 。就在最近，我的Django应用程序报告 GEOS 不存在。已安装 GEOS ， libgeos_c.so 应该是（ / usr / lib / ）。我的代码似乎很好。它是仍然可以工作的码头图像的来源。这似乎表明os /不兼容问题。任何帮助将不胜感激。
完整的追溯是
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 2358, in <module>
globals = debugger.run(setup['file'], None, None, is_module)
File "<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1778, in run
pydev_imports.execfile(file, globals, locals) # execute the script
File "<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/_pydev_imps/_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile
exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc)
File "<path/to/my/pycharm/project>/manage.py", line 10, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 312, in execute
django.setup()
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models(all_models)
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2231, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2214, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2203, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1448, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 41, in <module>
class Permission(models.Model):
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 139, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 324, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 250, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 36, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 240, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2231, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2214, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2203, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1448, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/base.py", line 8, in <module>
from .features import DatabaseFeatures
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/features.py", line 1, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/features.py", line 3, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/__init__.py", line 12, in <module>
"See also https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/%s/ref/contrib/gis/install/geolibs/" % get_docs_version())
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: GEOS is required and has not been detected. Are you sure it is installed? See also https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/contrib/gis/install/geolibs/
我尝试重新安装 libgdal-dev 。所有相关的包（GDAL，GEOS等）都是最新的。
我尝试过使用Python代码。它在以下 djanjo / contrib / gis / geos / __ init __。py 中失败。由于HAS_GEOS设置为false，因此报告GEOS不存在。
try:
from .libgeos import geos_version, geos_version_info # NOQA: flake8 detects only the last __all__
HAS_GEOS = True
__all__ += ['geos_version', 'geos_version_info']
except ImportError:
HAS_GEOS = False
我怀疑最近的操作系统升级/补丁已经破坏了GEOS或GDAL。根本原因似乎与 ctypes 有关，但我无法看到它可能是什么。
以下内容可能有用。
>>> from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
ImportError: /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: _PyTraceback_Add
>>> from django.contrib.gis import gdal
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
File "/<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py", line 47, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver # NOQA
File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
File "/<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py", line 1, in <module>
from ctypes import c_void_p
File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
ImportError: /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: _PyTraceback_Add
答案 0 :(得分：25)
我今天遇到了同样的问题，尽管在一个不相关的python项目中。这就是我遇到的那条线路，它引领我来到这里：
ImportError: /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: _PyTraceback_Add
看起来Ubunut已经推出了与现有虚拟环境不兼容的Python 3.4更新。我能够通过重新创建virtualenv来解决问题。在目前这不切实际的地方我只是简单地用系统一替换了virtualenv的python：
cd my-virtualenv
cp /usr/bin/python3.4 bin/python3.4
我不能说这是否是一个非常理智的事情，但它似乎在我的情况下有效。
答案 1 :(得分：2)
你应该做
cp /usr/bin/python3 /path/to/my-virtualenv/bin/python3
相反，因为那是实际的非符号链接文件。