Question

我在Visual Studio 2013中有一个Web项目，包括几个库项目。

问题是将一个引用（即System.Collection，System.Net）添加到Web项目中作为一个参考程序集添加＆＃39;来自C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft，当在IIS中加载时，它无法正确加载程序集的实现（来自GAC）。示例错误如下。

[BadImageFormatException: Cannot load a reference assembly for execution.]

[BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Collections' or one of its dependencies. Reference assemblies should not be loaded for execution.  They can only be loaded in the Reflection-only loader context. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131058)]
   System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) +0
   System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) +34
   System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadAssemblyName(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly reqAssembly, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) +152
   System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean forIntrospection) +77
   System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection) +16
   System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(String assemblyString) +28
   System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssemblyHelper(String assemblyName, Boolean starDirective) +38

[ConfigurationErrorsException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Collections' or one of its dependencies. Reference assemblies should not be loaded for execution.  They can only be loaded in the Reflection-only loader context. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131058)]
   System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssemblyHelper(String assemblyName, Boolean starDirective) +728
   System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAllAssembliesFromAppDomainBinDirectory() +196
   System.Web.Configuration.CompilationSection.LoadAssembly(AssemblyInfo ai) +45
   System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetReferencedAssemblies(CompilationSection compConfig) +172
   System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetPreStartInitMethodsFromReferencedAssemblies() +91
   System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CallPreStartInitMethods(String preStartInitListPath, Boolean& isRefAssemblyLoaded) +111
   System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.ExecutePreAppStart() +156
   System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.Initialize(ApplicationManager appManager, IApplicationHost appHost, IConfigMapPathFactory configMapPathFactory, HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters, PolicyLevel policyLevel, Exception appDomainCreationException) +624

[HttpException (0x80004005): Could not load file or assembly 'System.Collections' or one of its dependencies. Reference assemblies should not be loaded for execution.  They can only be loaded in the Reflection-only loader context. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131058)]
   System.Web.HttpRuntime.FirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) +659
   System.Web.HttpRuntime.EnsureFirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) +95
   System.Web.HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestNotificationPrivate(IIS7WorkerRequest wr, HttpContext context) +189

从bin文件夹中删除引用dll可以解决问题，但我不确定需要更改什么才能正确修复此问题。

Answer 1

我从 / Bin 文件夹

中删除了该包

System.Collections 和的 System.Collections.Concurrent

并重建项目

它的作品。

Answer 2

解决：

我的库项目引用了一些核心库（System.*等），RequiredTargetFramework选项设置为3.5。这只在csproj文件中很明显，例如：

<Reference Include="System.Core"> <RequiredTargetFramework>3.5</RequiredTargetFramework> </Reference>

因此.net版本引起各种各样的问题，visual studio试图通过在我的web.config中添加绑定重定向来将它们排序到v4（并包含引用程序集），但未成功。

从csproj文件中删除所有RequiredTargetFramework个元素已解决了这个问题。

Answer 3

每次看到BadImageFormatException时，都会遇到二进制格式兼容性问题。可能是您的IIS池配置为运行32位池，您的程序集构建为x64，反之亦然。或者，您可能正在尝试在32位计算机上运行x64程序集。可能你有x64机器，anycpu构建的程序集，但是一些第三方程序集严格按照32位代码构建。

这是其中之一，或类似的

现在，“usr”在这里有好处。您确实有Cannot load a reference assembly for execution但在BadImageFormatException的上下文中。我想知道这是否在编译时发生。为此，请尝试将其添加到web.config

<compilation>
  <assemblies>
      <remove assembly="System.Collections" />
  . . . .

或者，如果你有

<add assembly="System.Collections. . . ."  />

首先尝试删除

现在，除非您提供probing settings

，否则GAC是首选参考位置是正常的

Answer 4

在我的情况下，我将nuget包System.Collections添加到我的asp.net 4.6.1项目中，并且由于某种原因，它没有被引用到csproj文件中。我手动编辑了csproj文件并添加了引用。重新加载它，瞧，工作了！

Answer 5

在VS 15.8更新后，它发生在我身上。将“ Copy Local”设置为false可以解决导致该错误的每个程序集的问题。另外，我（手动）删除了.csproj中重复的“ import time import numpy from numba import jit from ipyparallel import Client client = Client() # create client and direct view to all engines available dview = client[:] dview.block = True with dview.sync_imports(): import numpy @jit def TestingFnc(x): a=x[0] b=x[1] c=x[2] Result=0 for i in range(100000): Result = Result + ((a+i)**2 + (b-i)**3) /(c+i)**3 return numpy.array([Result,1]) d=numpy.array([[0.,0.,0.],[0.,0.,1.],[0.,0.,2]]) Results = dview.map(TestingFnc, d)”标签。

Answer 6

如果您的绑定重定向所引用的版本早于引用所依赖的版本，则经常会发生此问题，并且这可能在更新软件包后（例如，通过NuGet）发生。为了解决一般问题，我添加了一系列步骤作为答案here。但是，对于此特定问题，我建议特别遵循以下步骤5：

从所有 app.config 和 Web.config 文件中删除所有程序集绑定，然后构建您的解决方案。 app.config 绑定不再需要。 Web.config 绑定将在下一步中重新添加，但是首先删除它们将确保您的绑定中没有任何过时的版本。

.Net 4.6网站未正确加载参考装配

6 个答案: