我已经翻译了我的mvc网站,该网站运行良好。如果我选择其他语言(荷兰语或英语),内容将被翻译。 这是有效的,因为我在会话中设置了文化。
现在我想在网址中显示所选文化(=文化)。 如果它是默认语言,则不应在网址中显示,只有当它不是默认语言时才应在网址中显示。
e.g:
默认文化(荷兰语):
site.com/foo
site.com/foo/bar
site.com/foo/bar/5
对于非默认文化(英语):
site.com/en/foo
site.com/en/foo/bar
site.com/en/foo/bar/5
我的问题是我总是看到这个:
site.com/的 NL /富/酒吧/ 5 即使我点击英语(参见_Layout.cs)。我的内容是用英文翻译的,但网址中的路由参数仍然保留在" nl"而不是" en"。
我如何解决这个问题或我做错了什么?
我尝试在global.asax中设置RouteData,但没有帮助。
public class RouteConfig
{
public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
routes.IgnoreRoute("favicon.ico");
routes.LowercaseUrls = true;
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Errors",
url: "Error/{action}/{code}",
defaults: new { controller = "Error", action = "Other", code = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
routes.MapRoute(
name: "DefaultWithCulture",
url: "{culture}/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { culture = "nl", controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
constraints: new { culture = "[a-z]{2}" }
);// or maybe: "[a-z]{2}-[a-z]{2}
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { culture = "nl", controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
}
的Global.asax.cs:
protected void Application_Start()
{
MvcHandler.DisableMvcResponseHeader = true;
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);
}
protected void Application_AcquireRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (HttpContext.Current.Session != null)
{
CultureInfo ci = (CultureInfo)this.Session["Culture"];
if (ci == null)
{
string langName = "nl";
if (HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages != null && HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages.Length != 0)
{
langName = HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages[0].Substring(0, 2);
}
ci = new CultureInfo(langName);
this.Session["Culture"] = ci;
}
HttpContextBase currentContext = new HttpContextWrapper(HttpContext.Current);
RouteData routeData = RouteTable.Routes.GetRouteData(currentContext);
routeData.Values["culture"] = ci;
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = ci;
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(ci.Name);
}
}
_Layout.cs(我允许用户更改语言)
// ...
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li class="@isCurrentLang("nl")">@Html.ActionLink("Nederlands", "ChangeCulture", "Culture", new { lang = "nl", returnUrl = this.Request.RawUrl }, new { rel = "alternate", hreflang = "nl" })</li>
<li class="@isCurrentLang("en")">@Html.ActionLink("English", "ChangeCulture", "Culture", new { lang = "en", returnUrl = this.Request.RawUrl }, new { rel = "alternate", hreflang = "en" })</li>
</ul>
// ...
CultureController :( =我设置我在GlobalAsax中使用的Session来更改CurrentCulture和CurrentUICulture)
public class CultureController : Controller
{
// GET: Culture
public ActionResult Index()
{
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}
public ActionResult ChangeCulture(string lang, string returnUrl)
{
Session["Culture"] = new CultureInfo(lang);
if (Url.IsLocalUrl(returnUrl))
{
return Redirect(returnUrl);
}
else
{
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}
}
}
答案 0 :(得分:125)
这种方法存在一些问题,但归结为工作流问题。
CultureController
,其唯一目的是将用户重定向到网站上的另一个页面。请注意,RedirectToAction
会向用户的浏览器发送HTTP 302响应,告知用户在服务器上查找新位置。这是整个网络不必要的往返。HttpContext.Current.Request.UserLanguages
,这可能与他们在网址中请求的文化不同。第三个问题主要是因为微软和谷歌之间关于如何处理全球化的观点根本不同。
Microsoft的(原始)观点是,每个文化都应使用相同的URL,并且浏览器的UserLanguages
应确定网站应显示的语言。
谷歌的观点是every culture should be hosted on a different URL。如果你仔细想想,这就更有意义了。在搜索结果(SERP)中找到您网站的每个人都希望能够以他们的母语搜索内容。
网站的全球化应该被视为内容,而不是个性化 - 您正在向一个人的群组广播文化,而不是个人。因此,使用ASP.NET的任何个性化功能(例如会话状态或cookie)来实现全球化通常没有意义 - 这些功能会阻止搜索引擎索引本地化页面的内容。
如果您只需将用户转到新网址即可将用户发送到不同的文化,那么您就不必担心 - 您不需要单独的页面供用户选择其文化,只需包含页眉或页脚中的链接可以更改现有页面的文化,然后所有链接将自动切换到用户选择的文化(因为MVC automatically reuses route values from the current request)。
首先,摆脱CultureController
和Application_AcquireRequestState
方法中的代码。
现在,由于文化是一个贯穿各领域的问题,因此应该在IAuthorizationFilter
中设置当前线程的文化。这样可以确保在MVC中使用ModelBinder
之前设置区域性。
using System.Globalization;
using System.Threading;
using System.Web.Mvc;
public class CultureFilter : IAuthorizationFilter
{
private readonly string defaultCulture;
public CultureFilter(string defaultCulture)
{
this.defaultCulture = defaultCulture;
}
public void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
{
var values = filterContext.RouteData.Values;
string culture = (string)values["culture"] ?? this.defaultCulture;
CultureInfo ci = new CultureInfo(culture);
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = ci;
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(ci.Name);
}
}
您可以通过将过滤器注册为全局过滤器来全局设置过滤器。
public class FilterConfig
{
public static void RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilterCollection filters)
{
filters.Add(new CultureFilter(defaultCulture: "nl"));
filters.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute());
}
}
您可以通过链接到当前页面的相同操作和控制器来简化语言选择,并将其作为选项包含在_Layout.cshtml
的页眉或页脚中。
@{
var routeValues = this.ViewContext.RouteData.Values;
var controller = routeValues["controller"] as string;
var action = routeValues["action"] as string;
}
<ul>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Nederlands", @action, @controller, new { culture = "nl" }, new { rel = "alternate", hreflang = "nl" })</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("English", @action, @controller, new { culture = "en" }, new { rel = "alternate", hreflang = "en" })</li>
</ul>
如前所述,页面上的所有其他链接将自动从当前上下文传递文化,因此它们将自动保持在同一文化中。在这些情况下,没有理由明确传递文化。
@ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")
使用上述链接,如果当前网址为/Home/Contact
,则生成的链接将为/Home/About
。如果当前网址为/en/Home/Contact
,则链接将生成为/en/Home/About
。
最后,我们了解你问题的核心。您的默认文化未正确生成的原因是因为路由是双向映射,无论您是匹配传入请求还是生成传出URL,第一个匹配总是获胜。构建网址时,第一个匹配为DefaultWithCulture
。
通常,您可以通过撤消路线的顺序来解决此问题。但是,在您的情况下会导致传入路由失败。
因此,在您的情况下,最简单的选项是构建custom route constraint以在生成URL时处理默认区域性的特殊情况。您只需在提供默认区域性时返回false,它将导致.NET路由框架跳过DefaultWithCulture
路由并移至下一个已注册的路由(在本例中为Default
)。
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Routing;
public class CultureConstraint : IRouteConstraint
{
private readonly string defaultCulture;
private readonly string pattern;
public CultureConstraint(string defaultCulture, string pattern)
{
this.defaultCulture = defaultCulture;
this.pattern = pattern;
}
public bool Match(
HttpContextBase httpContext,
Route route,
string parameterName,
RouteValueDictionary values,
RouteDirection routeDirection)
{
if (routeDirection == RouteDirection.UrlGeneration &&
this.defaultCulture.Equals(values[parameterName]))
{
return false;
}
else
{
return Regex.IsMatch((string)values[parameterName], "^" + pattern + "$");
}
}
}
剩下的就是将约束添加到路由配置中。您还应该删除DefaultWithCulture
路线中文化的默认设置,因为您只想在URL中提供文化时匹配它。另一方面,Default
路由应该具有文化,因为无法通过URL传递它。
routes.LowercaseUrls = true;
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Errors",
url: "Error/{action}/{code}",
defaults: new { controller = "Error", action = "Other", code = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
routes.MapRoute(
name: "DefaultWithCulture",
url: "{culture}/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
constraints: new { culture = new CultureConstraint(defaultCulture: "nl", pattern: "[a-z]{2}") }
);
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { culture = "nl", controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
注意:此部分仅适用于使用MVC 5.如果您使用的是先前版本,则可以跳过此步骤。
对于AttributeRouting,您可以通过为每个操作自动创建2个不同的路径来简化操作。您需要稍微调整每个路径并将它们添加到MapMvcAttributeRoutes
使用的相同类结构中。不幸的是,Microsoft决定将类型设置为内部,因此它需要Reflection来实例化和填充它们。
这里我们只使用MVC的内置功能来扫描我们的项目并创建一组路由,然后在将实例添加到MVC RouteTable之前为文化和CultureConstraint
插入额外的路由URL前缀。
还有一条为解析URL而创建的单独路径(与AttributeRouting相同的方式)。
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Mvc.Routing;
using System.Web.Routing;
public static class RouteCollectionExtensions
{
public static void MapLocalizedMvcAttributeRoutes(this RouteCollection routes, string urlPrefix, object constraints)
{
MapLocalizedMvcAttributeRoutes(routes, urlPrefix, new RouteValueDictionary(constraints));
}
public static void MapLocalizedMvcAttributeRoutes(this RouteCollection routes, string urlPrefix, RouteValueDictionary constraints)
{
var routeCollectionRouteType = Type.GetType("System.Web.Mvc.Routing.RouteCollectionRoute, System.Web.Mvc");
var subRouteCollectionType = Type.GetType("System.Web.Mvc.Routing.SubRouteCollection, System.Web.Mvc");
FieldInfo subRoutesInfo = routeCollectionRouteType.GetField("_subRoutes", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
var subRoutes = Activator.CreateInstance(subRouteCollectionType);
var routeEntries = Activator.CreateInstance(routeCollectionRouteType, subRoutes);
// Add the route entries collection first to the route collection
routes.Add((RouteBase)routeEntries);
var localizedRouteTable = new RouteCollection();
// Get a copy of the attribute routes
localizedRouteTable.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();
foreach (var routeBase in localizedRouteTable)
{
if (routeBase.GetType().Equals(routeCollectionRouteType))
{
// Get the value of the _subRoutes field
var tempSubRoutes = subRoutesInfo.GetValue(routeBase);
// Get the PropertyInfo for the Entries property
PropertyInfo entriesInfo = subRouteCollectionType.GetProperty("Entries");
if (entriesInfo.PropertyType.GetInterfaces().Contains(typeof(IEnumerable)))
{
foreach (RouteEntry routeEntry in (IEnumerable)entriesInfo.GetValue(tempSubRoutes))
{
var route = routeEntry.Route;
// Create the localized route
var localizedRoute = CreateLocalizedRoute(route, urlPrefix, constraints);
// Add the localized route entry
var localizedRouteEntry = CreateLocalizedRouteEntry(routeEntry.Name, localizedRoute);
AddRouteEntry(subRouteCollectionType, subRoutes, localizedRouteEntry);
// Add the default route entry
AddRouteEntry(subRouteCollectionType, subRoutes, routeEntry);
// Add the localized link generation route
var localizedLinkGenerationRoute = CreateLinkGenerationRoute(localizedRoute);
routes.Add(localizedLinkGenerationRoute);
// Add the default link generation route
var linkGenerationRoute = CreateLinkGenerationRoute(route);
routes.Add(linkGenerationRoute);
}
}
}
}
}
private static Route CreateLocalizedRoute(Route route, string urlPrefix, RouteValueDictionary constraints)
{
// Add the URL prefix
var routeUrl = urlPrefix + route.Url;
// Combine the constraints
var routeConstraints = new RouteValueDictionary(constraints);
foreach (var constraint in route.Constraints)
{
routeConstraints.Add(constraint.Key, constraint.Value);
}
return new Route(routeUrl, route.Defaults, routeConstraints, route.DataTokens, route.RouteHandler);
}
private static RouteEntry CreateLocalizedRouteEntry(string name, Route route)
{
var localizedRouteEntryName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ? null : name + "_Localized";
return new RouteEntry(localizedRouteEntryName, route);
}
private static void AddRouteEntry(Type subRouteCollectionType, object subRoutes, RouteEntry newEntry)
{
var addMethodInfo = subRouteCollectionType.GetMethod("Add");
addMethodInfo.Invoke(subRoutes, new[] { newEntry });
}
private static RouteBase CreateLinkGenerationRoute(Route innerRoute)
{
var linkGenerationRouteType = Type.GetType("System.Web.Mvc.Routing.LinkGenerationRoute, System.Web.Mvc");
return (RouteBase)Activator.CreateInstance(linkGenerationRouteType, innerRoute);
}
}
然后只需调用此方法而不是MapMvcAttributeRoutes
。
public class RouteConfig
{
public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
// Call to register your localized and default attribute routes
routes.MapLocalizedMvcAttributeRoutes(
urlPrefix: "{culture}/",
constraints: new { culture = new CultureConstraint(defaultCulture: "nl", pattern: "[a-z]{2}") }
);
routes.MapRoute(
name: "DefaultWithCulture",
url: "{culture}/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
constraints: new { culture = new CultureConstraint(defaultCulture: "nl", pattern: "[a-z]{2}") }
);
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { culture = "nl", controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
}
}
答案 1 :(得分:9)
NightOwl888令人难以置信的帖子。但是有一些东西缺失 - 正常(非本地化)的URL生成属性路由(通过反射添加)也需要默认的culture参数,否则你会在URL中获得一个查询参数。
?培养= NL
为了避免这种情况,必须进行以下更改:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Mvc.Routing;
using System.Web.Routing;
namespace Endpoints.WebPublic.Infrastructure.Routing
{
public static class RouteCollectionExtensions
{
public static void MapLocalizedMvcAttributeRoutes(this RouteCollection routes, string urlPrefix, object defaults, object constraints)
{
MapLocalizedMvcAttributeRoutes(routes, urlPrefix, new RouteValueDictionary(defaults), new RouteValueDictionary(constraints));
}
public static void MapLocalizedMvcAttributeRoutes(this RouteCollection routes, string urlPrefix, RouteValueDictionary defaults, RouteValueDictionary constraints)
{
var routeCollectionRouteType = Type.GetType("System.Web.Mvc.Routing.RouteCollectionRoute, System.Web.Mvc");
var subRouteCollectionType = Type.GetType("System.Web.Mvc.Routing.SubRouteCollection, System.Web.Mvc");
FieldInfo subRoutesInfo = routeCollectionRouteType.GetField("_subRoutes", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
var subRoutes = Activator.CreateInstance(subRouteCollectionType);
var routeEntries = Activator.CreateInstance(routeCollectionRouteType, subRoutes);
// Add the route entries collection first to the route collection
routes.Add((RouteBase)routeEntries);
var localizedRouteTable = new RouteCollection();
// Get a copy of the attribute routes
localizedRouteTable.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();
foreach (var routeBase in localizedRouteTable)
{
if (routeBase.GetType().Equals(routeCollectionRouteType))
{
// Get the value of the _subRoutes field
var tempSubRoutes = subRoutesInfo.GetValue(routeBase);
// Get the PropertyInfo for the Entries property
PropertyInfo entriesInfo = subRouteCollectionType.GetProperty("Entries");
if (entriesInfo.PropertyType.GetInterfaces().Contains(typeof(IEnumerable)))
{
foreach (RouteEntry routeEntry in (IEnumerable)entriesInfo.GetValue(tempSubRoutes))
{
var route = routeEntry.Route;
// Create the localized route
var localizedRoute = CreateLocalizedRoute(route, urlPrefix, constraints);
// Add the localized route entry
var localizedRouteEntry = CreateLocalizedRouteEntry(routeEntry.Name, localizedRoute);
AddRouteEntry(subRouteCollectionType, subRoutes, localizedRouteEntry);
// Add the default route entry
AddRouteEntry(subRouteCollectionType, subRoutes, routeEntry);
// Add the localized link generation route
var localizedLinkGenerationRoute = CreateLinkGenerationRoute(localizedRoute);
routes.Add(localizedLinkGenerationRoute);
// Add the default link generation route
//FIX: needed for default culture on normal attribute route
var newDefaults = new RouteValueDictionary(defaults);
route.Defaults.ToList().ForEach(x => newDefaults.Add(x.Key, x.Value));
var routeWithNewDefaults = new Route(route.Url, newDefaults, route.Constraints, route.DataTokens, route.RouteHandler);
var linkGenerationRoute = CreateLinkGenerationRoute(routeWithNewDefaults);
routes.Add(linkGenerationRoute);
}
}
}
}
}
private static Route CreateLocalizedRoute(Route route, string urlPrefix, RouteValueDictionary constraints)
{
// Add the URL prefix
var routeUrl = urlPrefix + route.Url;
// Combine the constraints
var routeConstraints = new RouteValueDictionary(constraints);
foreach (var constraint in route.Constraints)
{
routeConstraints.Add(constraint.Key, constraint.Value);
}
return new Route(routeUrl, route.Defaults, routeConstraints, route.DataTokens, route.RouteHandler);
}
private static RouteEntry CreateLocalizedRouteEntry(string name, Route route)
{
var localizedRouteEntryName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ? null : name + "_Localized";
return new RouteEntry(localizedRouteEntryName, route);
}
private static void AddRouteEntry(Type subRouteCollectionType, object subRoutes, RouteEntry newEntry)
{
var addMethodInfo = subRouteCollectionType.GetMethod("Add");
addMethodInfo.Invoke(subRoutes, new[] { newEntry });
}
private static RouteBase CreateLinkGenerationRoute(Route innerRoute)
{
var linkGenerationRouteType = Type.GetType("System.Web.Mvc.Routing.LinkGenerationRoute, System.Web.Mvc");
return (RouteBase)Activator.CreateInstance(linkGenerationRouteType, innerRoute);
}
}
}
归属路线注册:
RouteTable.Routes.MapLocalizedMvcAttributeRoutes(
urlPrefix: "{culture}/",
defaults: new { culture = "nl" },
constraints: new { culture = new CultureConstraint(defaultCulture: "nl", pattern: "[a-z]{2}") }
);
实际上,经过一段时间后,我需要添加网址翻译,所以我挖掘了更多,而且似乎没有必要进行描述的反射黑客攻击。 ASP.NET人员考虑过它,有更清晰的解决方案 - 相反,你可以像这样扩展 DefaultDirectRouteProvider :
public static class RouteCollectionExtensions
{
public static void MapLocalizedMvcAttributeRoutes(this RouteCollection routes, string defaultCulture)
{
var routeProvider = new LocalizeDirectRouteProvider(
"{culture}/",
defaultCulture
);
routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes(routeProvider);
}
}
class LocalizeDirectRouteProvider : DefaultDirectRouteProvider
{
ILogger _log = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
string _urlPrefix;
string _defaultCulture;
RouteValueDictionary _constraints;
public LocalizeDirectRouteProvider(string urlPrefix, string defaultCulture)
{
_urlPrefix = urlPrefix;
_defaultCulture = defaultCulture;
_constraints = new RouteValueDictionary() { { "culture", new CultureConstraint(defaultCulture: defaultCulture) } };
}
protected override IReadOnlyList<RouteEntry> GetActionDirectRoutes(
ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor,
IReadOnlyList<IDirectRouteFactory> factories,
IInlineConstraintResolver constraintResolver)
{
var originalEntries = base.GetActionDirectRoutes(actionDescriptor, factories, constraintResolver);
var finalEntries = new List<RouteEntry>();
foreach (RouteEntry originalEntry in originalEntries)
{
var localizedRoute = CreateLocalizedRoute(originalEntry.Route, _urlPrefix, _constraints);
var localizedRouteEntry = CreateLocalizedRouteEntry(originalEntry.Name, localizedRoute);
finalEntries.Add(localizedRouteEntry);
originalEntry.Route.Defaults.Add("culture", _defaultCulture);
finalEntries.Add(originalEntry);
}
return finalEntries;
}
private Route CreateLocalizedRoute(Route route, string urlPrefix, RouteValueDictionary constraints)
{
// Add the URL prefix
var routeUrl = urlPrefix + route.Url;
// Combine the constraints
var routeConstraints = new RouteValueDictionary(constraints);
foreach (var constraint in route.Constraints)
{
routeConstraints.Add(constraint.Key, constraint.Value);
}
return new Route(routeUrl, route.Defaults, routeConstraints, route.DataTokens, route.RouteHandler);
}
private RouteEntry CreateLocalizedRouteEntry(string name, Route route)
{
var localizedRouteEntryName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ? null : name + "_Localized";
return new RouteEntry(localizedRouteEntryName, route);
}
}
有一个基于此的解决方案,包括网址翻译:https://github.com/boudinov/mvc-5-routing-localization