我有一个带有成员函数的C ++类,它使用unsigned char * buffer和unsigned int length作为参数并对它们进行操作。我用Boost :: Python包装了这个类,并希望从Python脚本中将预先填充的缓冲区传递给该类。 Python端缓冲区是用struct.pack创建的。我无法弄清楚如何使参数类型匹配并继续获取Boost.Python.ArgumentError。
#ifndef EXAMPLECLASS_H_
#define EXAMPLECLASS_H_
#include <cstdio>
class ExampleClass
{
public:
ExampleClass() {}
virtual ~ExampleClass() {}
void printBuffer(unsigned char* buffer, unsigned int length)
{
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
{
printf("%c", buffer[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
};
#endif
#include "Example.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
unsigned char buf[4];
buf[0] = 0x41;
buf[1] = 0x42;
buf[2] = 0x43;
buf[3] = 0x44;
ExampleClass e;
e.printBuffer(buf, 4);
return 0;
}
#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include "Example.h"
using namespace boost::python;
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(example_py)
{
class_<ExampleClass>("ExampleClass")
.def("printBuffer", &ExampleClass::printBuffer)
;
}
#!/usr/bin/env python
import example_py
import struct
import ctypes
buf = struct.pack('BBBB', 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44)
print 'python:'
print buf
e = example_py.ExampleClass()
print 'c++:'
print e.printBuffer(ctypes.cast(ctypes.c_char_p(buf), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ubyte)), len(buf))
include_directories(
include
${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}
${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)
add_library(example_py
src/Example_py.cpp
)
target_link_libraries(example_py ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
set_target_properties(example_py PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
add_executable(example src/example.cpp)
target_link_libraries(example example_py)
$ ./example
ABCD
$ ./scripts/example.py
python: ABCD
c++:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/dustingooding/example/scripts/example.py", line 13, in <module>
print 'c++:', e.printBuffer(ctypes.cast(ctypes.c_char_p(buf), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ubyte)), len(buf))
Boost.Python.ArgumentError: Python argument types in
ExampleClass.printBuffer(ExampleClass, LP_c_ubyte, int)
did not match C++ signature:
printBuffer(ExampleClass {lvalue}, unsigned char*, unsigned int)
我尝试过多种不同的方法(直接传递&bu;直接传递&#39; buf&#39;作为ctypes.c_char_p,创建一个ctypes.ubyte数组并填充它与'buf&#39;并传递它'的内容,但似乎没有工作。
我不明白为什么&#39; LP_c_ubyte&#39;和&#39; unsigned char *&#39;不配。
这是一个带有现成代码库的Github项目。随意使用它。我已经添加了@ Tanner的修复程序。 https://github.com/dustingooding/boost_python_ucharp_example
答案 0 :(得分:6)
可能值得考虑将Pythonic辅助函数作为ExampleClass.printBuffer
方法暴露给Python,它委托给c-ish ExampleClass::printBuffer
成员函数。例如,这将允许Python用户调用:
import example
import struct
buf = struct.pack('BBBB', 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44)
e.printBuffer(buf)
而不是要求用户执行正确的ctypes
演员表和大小调整。
struct.pack()
方法返回Python2中的str
对象和Python3中的bytes
对象,因此辅助C ++函数需要使用from的元素填充连续的内存块。 str
或bytes
。 boost::python::stl_input_iterator
可以提供一种方便的方法来从Python对象(例如std::vector<char>
或str
)构造C ++容器,例如bytes
。唯一奇怪的是stl_input_iterator
期望Python类型支持可迭代协议,而str
不会这样做。但是,内置iter()
Python方法可用于创建可迭代对象。
/// @brief Auxiliary function used to allow a Python iterable object with char
/// elements to be passed to ExampleClass.printBuffer().
void example_class_print_buffer_wrap(
ExampleClass& self,
boost::python::object py_buffer)
{
namespace python = boost::python;
// `str` objects do not implement the iterator protcol (__iter__),
// but do implement the sequence protocol (__getitem__). Use the
// `iter()` builtin to create an iterator for the buffer.
// >>> __builtins__.iter(py_buffer)
python::object locals(python::borrowed(PyEval_GetLocals()));
python::object py_iter = locals["__builtins__"].attr("iter");
python::stl_input_iterator<char> begin(
py_iter(py_buffer)), end;
// Copy the py_buffer into a local buffer with known continguous memory.
std::vector<char> buffer(begin, end);
// Cast and delegate to the printBuffer member function.
self.printBuffer(
reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&buffer[0]),
buffer.size());
}
创建辅助功能后,只需将其公开为ExampleClass.printBuffer
方法:
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(example)
{
namespace python = boost::python;
python::class_<ExampleClass>("ExampleClass")
.def("printBuffer", &example_class_print_buffer_wrap)
;
}
这是一个完整的示例demonstrating这种方法:
#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include <boost/python/stl_iterator.hpp>
// Mocks...
/// @brief Legacy class that cannot be changed.
class ExampleClass
{
public:
void printBuffer(unsigned char* buffer, unsigned int length)
{
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
{
printf("%c", buffer[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
};
/// @brief Auxiliary function used to allow a Python iterable object with char
/// elements to be passed to ExampleClass.printBuffer().
void example_class_print_buffer_wrap(
ExampleClass& self,
boost::python::object py_buffer)
{
namespace python = boost::python;
// `str` objects do not implement the iterator protcol (__iter__),
// but do implement the sequence protocol (__getitem__). Use the
// `iter()` builtin to create an iterator for the buffer.
// >>> __builtins__.iter(py_buffer)
python::object locals(python::borrowed(PyEval_GetLocals()));
python::object py_iter = locals["__builtins__"].attr("iter");
python::stl_input_iterator<char> begin(
py_iter(py_buffer)), end;
// Copy the py_buffer into a local buffer with known continguous memory.
std::vector<char> buffer(begin, end);
// Cast and delegate to the printBuffer member function.
self.printBuffer(
reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&buffer[0]),
buffer.size());
}
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(example)
{
namespace python = boost::python;
python::class_<ExampleClass>("ExampleClass")
.def("printBuffer", &example_class_print_buffer_wrap)
;
}
交互式使用:
>>> import example
>>> import struct
>>> buf = struct.pack('BBBB', 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44)
>>> print 'python:', buf
python: ABCD
>>> e = example.ExampleClass()
>>> e.printBuffer(buf)
ABCD
答案 1 :(得分:1)
python documentation列出了基本数据类型一章中的以下内容:
class ctypes。 c_char_p
表示C
char *
数据类型,指向以零结尾的字符串。对于一般字符指针 也可能指向二进制数据,必须使用POINTER(c_char)
。该 构造函数接受整数地址或字符串。
表明您应该使用c_char_p
类型。如果您使用POINTER()
函数,则为LP_c_char_p
。
类型
LP_c_ubyte /* corresponds to */ unsigned char;
你应该使用
LP_c_char_p /* which corresponds to */ char *;
<强>更新强>: 我已经纠正了上面的类型。另外:我不是蟒蛇专家,所以我可能错了。还有this answer。