如何传递预先填充的" unsigned char *"使用boost.python缓冲到C ++方法?

时间:2015-09-17 15:51:10

标签: python c++ boost ctypes boost-python

我有一个带有成员函数的C ++类,它使用unsigned char * buffer和unsigned int length作为参数并对它们进行操作。我用Boost :: Python包装了这个类,并希望从Python脚本中将预先填充的缓冲区传递给该类。 Python端缓冲区是用struct.pack创建的。我无法弄清楚如何使参数类型匹配并继续获取Boost.Python.ArgumentError。

包括/ example.h文件

#ifndef EXAMPLECLASS_H_
#define EXAMPLECLASS_H_

#include <cstdio>

class ExampleClass
{
public:
    ExampleClass() {}
    virtual ~ExampleClass() {}

    void printBuffer(unsigned char* buffer, unsigned int length)
    {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
        {
            printf("%c", buffer[i]);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
};

#endif

的src / example.cpp

#include "Example.h"

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    unsigned char buf[4];
    buf[0] = 0x41;
    buf[1] = 0x42;
    buf[2] = 0x43;
    buf[3] = 0x44;

    ExampleClass e;
    e.printBuffer(buf, 4);

    return 0;
}

的src / Example_py.cpp

#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include "Example.h"

using namespace boost::python;

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(example_py)
{
    class_<ExampleClass>("ExampleClass")
    .def("printBuffer", &ExampleClass::printBuffer)
    ;
}

脚本/ example.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

import example_py
import struct
import ctypes

buf = struct.pack('BBBB', 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44)

print 'python:'
print buf

e = example_py.ExampleClass()

print 'c++:'
print e.printBuffer(ctypes.cast(ctypes.c_char_p(buf), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ubyte)), len(buf))

CMakeLists.txt(不完整)

include_directories(
    include
    ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}
    ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

add_library(example_py
    src/Example_py.cpp
)
target_link_libraries(example_py ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
set_target_properties(example_py PROPERTIES PREFIX "")

add_executable(example src/example.cpp)
target_link_libraries(example example_py)

输出

$ ./example
ABCD

$ ./scripts/example.py
python: ABCD
c++:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/dustingooding/example/scripts/example.py", line 13, in <module>
    print 'c++:', e.printBuffer(ctypes.cast(ctypes.c_char_p(buf), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ubyte)), len(buf))
Boost.Python.ArgumentError: Python argument types in
    ExampleClass.printBuffer(ExampleClass, LP_c_ubyte, int)
did not match C++ signature:
    printBuffer(ExampleClass {lvalue}, unsigned char*, unsigned int)

我尝试过多种不同的方法(直接传递&bu;直接传递&#39; buf&#39;作为ctypes.c_char_p,创建一个ctypes.ubyte数组并填充它与'buf&#39;并传递它'的内容,但似乎没有工作。

我不明白为什么&#39; LP_c_ubyte&#39;和&#39; unsigned char *&#39;不配。

修改

这是一个带有现成代码库的Github项目。随意使用它。我已经添加了@ Tanner的修复程序。 https://github.com/dustingooding/boost_python_ucharp_example

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

可能值得考虑将Pythonic辅助函数作为ExampleClass.printBuffer方法暴露给Python,它委托给c-ish ExampleClass::printBuffer成员函数。例如,这将允许Python用户调用:

import example
import struct

buf = struct.pack('BBBB', 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44)
e.printBuffer(buf)

而不是要求用户执行正确的ctypes演员表和大小调整。

struct.pack()方法返回Python2中的str对象和Python3中的bytes对象,因此辅助C ++函数需要使用from的元素填充连续的内存块。 strbytesboost::python::stl_input_iterator可以提供一种方便的方法来从Python对象(例如std::vector<char>str)构造C ++容器,例如bytes。唯一奇怪的是stl_input_iterator期望Python类型支持可迭代协议,而str不会这样做。但是,内置iter() Python方法可用于创建可迭代对象。

/// @brief Auxiliary function used to allow a Python iterable object with char
///        elements to be passed to ExampleClass.printBuffer().
void example_class_print_buffer_wrap(
  ExampleClass& self,
  boost::python::object py_buffer)
{
  namespace python = boost::python;
  // `str` objects do not implement the iterator protcol (__iter__),
  // but do implement the sequence protocol (__getitem__).  Use the
  // `iter()` builtin to create an iterator for the buffer.
  // >>> __builtins__.iter(py_buffer)
  python::object locals(python::borrowed(PyEval_GetLocals()));
  python::object py_iter = locals["__builtins__"].attr("iter");
  python::stl_input_iterator<char> begin(
     py_iter(py_buffer)), end;

  // Copy the py_buffer into a local buffer with known continguous memory.
  std::vector<char> buffer(begin, end);

  // Cast and delegate to the printBuffer member function.
  self.printBuffer(
    reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&buffer[0]),
    buffer.size());
}

创建辅助功能后,只需将其公开为ExampleClass.printBuffer方法:

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(example)
{
  namespace python = boost::python;
  python::class_<ExampleClass>("ExampleClass")
    .def("printBuffer", &example_class_print_buffer_wrap)
    ;
}

这是一个完整的示例demonstrating这种方法:

#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include <boost/python/stl_iterator.hpp>

// Mocks...
/// @brief Legacy class that cannot be changed.
class ExampleClass
{
public:
  void printBuffer(unsigned char* buffer, unsigned int length)
  {
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
    {
      printf("%c", buffer[i]);
    }

    printf("\n");
  }
};

/// @brief Auxiliary function used to allow a Python iterable object with char
///        elements to be passed to ExampleClass.printBuffer().
void example_class_print_buffer_wrap(
  ExampleClass& self,
  boost::python::object py_buffer)
{
  namespace python = boost::python;
  // `str` objects do not implement the iterator protcol (__iter__),
  // but do implement the sequence protocol (__getitem__).  Use the
  // `iter()` builtin to create an iterator for the buffer.
  // >>> __builtins__.iter(py_buffer)
  python::object locals(python::borrowed(PyEval_GetLocals()));
  python::object py_iter = locals["__builtins__"].attr("iter");
  python::stl_input_iterator<char> begin(
     py_iter(py_buffer)), end;

  // Copy the py_buffer into a local buffer with known continguous memory.
  std::vector<char> buffer(begin, end);

  // Cast and delegate to the printBuffer member function.
  self.printBuffer(
    reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&buffer[0]),
    buffer.size());
}

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(example)
{
  namespace python = boost::python;
  python::class_<ExampleClass>("ExampleClass")
    .def("printBuffer", &example_class_print_buffer_wrap)
    ;
}

交互式使用:

>>> import example
>>> import struct
>>> buf = struct.pack('BBBB', 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44)
>>> print 'python:', buf
python: ABCD
>>> e = example.ExampleClass()
>>> e.printBuffer(buf)
ABCD

答案 1 :(得分:1)

python documentation列出了基本数据类型一章中的以下内容:

  

class ctypes。 c_char_p

     

表示C char * 数据类型,指向以零结尾的字符串。对于一般字符指针   也可能指向二进制数据,必须使用POINTER(c_char)。该   构造函数接受整数地址或字符串。

表明您应该使用c_char_p类型。如果您使用POINTER()函数,则为LP_c_char_p

类型

LP_c_ubyte   /* corresponds to */  unsigned char;

你应该使用

LP_c_char_p    /* which corresponds to */    char *;

<强>更新: 我已经纠正了上面的类型。另外:我不是蟒蛇专家,所以我可能错了。还有this answer