Question

我现在是Espresso的新手，我得到了这个例外：

android.support.test.espresso.AmbiguousViewMatcherException：'with id： android：id / checkbox'匹配层次结构中的多个视图。

尝试检查未选中的复选框时会发生这种情况：onView(withId(android.R.id.checkbox)).check(matches(not(isChecked())));

我的理解是我有3个复选框，由于某些原因它们都符合此描述，我的问题变成：我如何区分复选框？

这是我收到的错误日志：

android.support.test.espresso.AmbiguousViewMatcherException: 'with id: android:id/checkbox' matches multiple views in the hierarchy.
Problem views are marked with '****MATCHES****' below.

View Hierarchy:
+>DecorView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2560, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=3}
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+->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2392, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
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+-->ViewStub{id=16909225, res-name=action_mode_bar_stub, visibility=GONE, width=0, height=0, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=true, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0}
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+-->FrameLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2308, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=84.0, child-count=1}
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+--->ActionBarOverlayLayout{id=2131492999, res-name=decor_content_parent, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2308, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
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+---->ContentFrameLayout{id=16908290, res-name=content, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2112, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=196.0, child-count=1}
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+----->ScrollView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=2112, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=1}
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+------>LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=1162, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=5}
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+------->FontedTextView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1334, height=88, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=53.0, y=105.0, text=Paperless Delivery & Data Sharing, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+------->FontedTextView{id=-1, desc=Check/un-check each box to change your preferences then tap save., visibility=VISIBLE, width=1334, height=138, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=53.0, y=263.0, text=Check/un-check each box to change your preferences then tap save., input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+------->View{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=1, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=471.0}
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+------->LinearLayout{id=2131493744, res-name=settings_prefs_consents_layout, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=689, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=472.0, child-count=3}
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+-------->LinearLayout{id=2131493745, res-name=meh, desc=Entitlement 1 checked. Description 1. Read more., visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=191, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=32.0, child-count=2}
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+--------->AppCompatCheckBox{id=16908289, res-name=checkbox, visibility=VISIBLE, width=103, height=102, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=true, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=53.0, y=53.0, text=, input-type=0, ime-target=true, has-links=false, is-checked=true} ****MATCHES****
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+--------->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1196, height=138, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=191.0, y=53.0, child-count=2}
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+---------->FontedTextView{id=16908308, res-name=text1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1196, height=69, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Entitlement 1, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+---------->FontedTextView{id=16908309, res-name=text2, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1196, height=69, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=69.0, text=Description 1 Read more., input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+-------->LinearLayout{id=2131493745, res-name=meh, desc=Entitlement 2 unchecked. Description 2. Read more., visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=191, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=223.0, child-count=2}
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+--------->AppCompatCheckBox{id=16908289, res-name=checkbox, visibility=VISIBLE, width=102, height=102, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=53.0, y=53.0, text=, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false, is-checked=false} ****MATCHES****
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+--------->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1197, height=138, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=190.0, y=53.0, child-count=2}
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+---------->FontedTextView{id=16908308, res-name=text1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1197, height=69, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Entitlement 2, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+---------->FontedTextView{id=16908309, res-name=text2, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1197, height=69, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=69.0, text=Description 2 Read more., input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+-------->LinearLayout{id=2131493745, res-name=meh, desc=Entitlement 3 checked. Description 3. Read more., visibility=VISIBLE, width=1440, height=191, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=414.0, child-count=2}
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+--------->AppCompatCheckBox{id=16908289, res-name=checkbox, visibility=VISIBLE, width=103, height=102, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=53.0, y=53.0, text=, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false, is-checked=true} ****MATCHES****
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+--------->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1196, height=138, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=191.0, y=53.0, child-count=2}
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+---------->FontedTextView{id=16908308, res-name=text1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=1196, height=69, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Entitlement 3, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}

Answer 1

在布局xml文件中，您可以为每个视图定义三个有用的测试匹配器：

android:id - 您知道的视图ID（每个视图都应该有一个ID，这是非常好的设计模式）
android:text - 在Button或TextView
android:contentDescription - 与ID一样，每个视图都可能包含其内容说明。

使用这些元素中的至少一个导致您可以使用：

onView(withId(R.id.help))... - 如果您的观点有ID
onView(withText(R.string.help_desc))... - 如果您的观点有文字
onView(withContentDescription("Help"))... - 如果您的观点有内容说明。

您的CheckBox次观看中没有matchers次观看。请修理它。

Answer 2

Android Studio中新的Espresso测试记录器可以通过检查班级类型，父级，添加自定义匹配器等来完全验证您的查询。这是学习最佳实践的一个很好的培训辅助工具。

以下是来自AS测试记录器的机器生成的Espresso代码的示例。结合“allOf”和“withParent”对于解析AmbiguousViewMatcherExceptions非常有用。

    ViewInteraction imageButton3 = onView(
        allOf(withContentDescription("Navigate up"),
            withParent(allOf(withId(R.id.action_bar),
                withParent(withId(R.id.action_bar_container)))),
            isDisplayed()));
    imageButton3.perform(click());

Android Espresso：检查已选中的复选框

2 个答案: