我正在尝试了解自动布局限制。遵循Ray W教程挑战(没有解决方案或讨论),布局应如下所示:
在IB中完成它很容易 - 创建一个宽度和高度的黄色视图,垂直居中并水平固定到边缘;然后在该视图中创建标签,字段和具有简单约束的按钮。
我的第一个问题是:如果标签具有内在的内容大小,而其他所有内容都固定在黄色视图中,那么为什么我需要定义固定的宽度和高度?为什么它不能从子视图的内在内容推断宽度和高度?
继续并尝试在代码中重新创建此布局给了我一个错误:
由于未捕获的异常'NSGenericException'而终止应用, 原因:'无法使用项
<UILabel: 0x7a961d60; frame = (0 0; 0 0); text = 'Password:'; userInteractionEnabled = NO; layer = <_UILabelLayer: 0x7a961e40>>
激活约束<UIView: 0x7a96b6f0; frame = (0 0; 0 0); layer = <CALayer: 0x7a96b880>>
因为他们没有共同的祖先。是吗? 不同视图层次结构中的约束引用项?那是 非法'。
第二个问题:这些图层是什么,我的所有视图都在heirachy中 - superview包含黄色视图,包含文本标签和字段。
经过多次痛苦,我试图完全重新创建IB中的约束,但这只添加了以下错误: 无法同时满足约束条件。
(
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x7ac57370 H:[UIView:0x7a96b6f0(0)]>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x7ac57400 H:|-(8)-[UILabel:0x7a96bb50'Username:'] (Names: '|':UIView:0x7a96b6f0 )>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x7ac57430 UILabel:0x7a96bb50'Username:'.trailing == UITextField:0x7a961020.leading + 8>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x7ac57520 UITextField:0x7a961020.trailing == UIView:0x7a96b6f0.trailing - 8>" )
最后的问题:我怎么知道视图0x7aetc是什么视图?我的代码中的约束在哪里?其余的看起来不错(?)。
我必须在某个基本层面上做错事。
这是我的代码:
import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
let centerView = UIView()
let usernameLabel = UILabel()
let passwordLabel = UILabel()
let usernameField = UITextField()
let passwordField = UITextField()
let submitButton = UIButton()
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
centerView.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellowColor()
usernameLabel.text = "Username:"
passwordLabel.text = "Password:"
usernameField.borderStyle = .RoundedRect
passwordField.borderStyle = .RoundedRect
submitButton.setTitle("Submit!", forState: .Normal)
submitButton.setTitleColor(UIColor.blackColor(), forState: .Normal)
submitButton.setTitleColor(UIColor.blueColor(), forState: .Highlighted)
view.addSubview(centerView)
self.centerView.addSubview(usernameField)
self.centerView.addSubview(passwordField)
self.centerView.addSubview(usernameLabel)
self.centerView.addSubview(submitButton)
let constraintCenterViewHeight = NSLayoutConstraint(item: centerView, attribute: .Height, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .NotAnAttribute, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 0)
let constraintCenterViewWidth = NSLayoutConstraint(item: centerView, attribute: .Width, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .NotAnAttribute, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 0)
let constraintCenterViewCenterX = NSLayoutConstraint(item: centerView, attribute: .CenterX, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: view, attribute: .CenterX, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 0)
let constraintCenterViewCenterY = NSLayoutConstraint(item: centerView, attribute: .CenterY, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: view, attribute: .CenterY, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 0)
let constraintUsernameLabelHLeading = NSLayoutConstraint(item: usernameLabel, attribute: .Leading, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: centerView, attribute: .Leading, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 8)
let constraintUsernameLabelHTrailing = NSLayoutConstraint(item: usernameLabel, attribute: .Trailing, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: usernameField, attribute: .Leading, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 8)
let constraintUsernameLabelAlignBottom = NSLayoutConstraint(item: usernameLabel, attribute: .Bottom, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: usernameField, attribute: .Bottom, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 0)
let constraintUsernameFieldVTop = NSLayoutConstraint(item: usernameField, attribute: .Top, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: centerView, attribute: .Top, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 8)
let constraintUsernameFieldHTrailing = NSLayoutConstraint(item: usernameField, attribute: .Trailing, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: centerView, attribute: .Trailing, multiplier: 1.0, constant: -8)
let constraintUsernameFieldVBottom = NSLayoutConstraint(item: usernameField, attribute: .Bottom, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: passwordField, attribute: .Top, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 8)
let constraintPasswordLabelHLeading = NSLayoutConstraint(item: passwordLabel, attribute: .Leading, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: centerView, attribute: .Leading, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 8)
let constraintPasswordLabelHTrailing = NSLayoutConstraint(item: passwordLabel, attribute: .Trailing, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: passwordField, attribute: .Leading, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 8)
let constraintPasswordLabelAlignBottom = NSLayoutConstraint(item: passwordLabel, attribute: .Bottom, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: passwordField, attribute: .Bottom, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 0)
let constraintPasswordFieldHTrailing = NSLayoutConstraint(item: passwordField, attribute: .Trailing, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: centerView, attribute: .Trailing, multiplier: 1.0, constant: -8)
centerView.setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints(false)
usernameLabel.setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints(false)
usernameField.setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints(false)
passwordField.setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints(false)
passwordLabel.setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints(false)
// submitButton.setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints(false)
NSLayoutConstraint.activateConstraints([constraintCenterViewHeight, constraintCenterViewWidth, constraintCenterViewCenterX, constraintCenterViewCenterY, constraintUsernameLabelHLeading,
constraintUsernameLabelHTrailing, constraintUsernameLabelAlignBottom, constraintUsernameFieldVTop, constraintUsernameFieldHTrailing, constraintUsernameFieldVBottom, constraintPasswordLabelHLeading, constraintPasswordLabelHTrailing, constraintPasswordLabelAlignBottom, constraintPasswordFieldHTrailing])
}
override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
}
答案 0 :(得分:15)
我的第一个问题是:如果标签有内在的内容大小, 其他一切都固定在黄色视图上,那我为什么需要呢 定义固定的宽度和高度?为什么不推断它的宽度 和其子视图的内在内容的高度?
username
和password
字段没有宽度。它们通过固定到centerView
左边和右边的标签来获得宽度。如果添加了约束来为这些字段赋予宽度,则centerView
可以根据其内容确定其宽度。
继续并尝试在代码中重新创建此布局给了我一个 错误:由于未捕获的异常'NSGenericException'而终止应用程序, 原因:'无法使用项目激活约束&gt;和&gt;因为他们 没有共同的祖先。约束是否引用了项目 不同的视图层次结构?这是非法的。'
您的第一个问题是您没有将passwordLabel
添加为子视图:
self.centerView.addSubview(passwordLabel)
这就是给你错误的原因。 passwordLabel
不在视图层次结构中,因此自动布局不知道如何使用centerView
约束它。
您的第二个问题是,您将width
的{{1}}和height
设置为centerView
。尝试使用较大的值,例如0
和100
:
300
你的第三个问题是你的一些常数需要消极:
let constraintCenterViewHeight = NSLayoutConstraint(item: centerView, attribute: .Height,
relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .NotAnAttribute, multiplier: 1.0,
constant: 100)
let constraintCenterViewWidth = NSLayoutConstraint(item: centerView, attribute: .Width,
relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .NotAnAttribute, multiplier: 1.0,
constant: 300)
答案 1 :(得分:6)
我得到了同样的错误,但它发生的原因有所不同:
我收到错误是因为我之前引用了我的 superview 我将视图添加到其超级视图中。 &lt; - 编写代码与<{em>}本身没有区别。两者都会生成相同的错误 - 因为视图与其superview没有定义的关系。
在下面的我的代码中,在我将视图添加到superview之前(行AA)中发生了行B1,B2。
这是我的代码:
view.addSubview(stackView)
正确的方法是将B1,B2线移到>> AA线后的处。
class ViewController: UIViewController {
var label = UILabel()
var button = UIButton()
var stackView = UIStackView()
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
view.backgroundColor = UIColor.cyan
navigationItem.title = "VCTitle"
setupUI()
}
private func setupUI(){
label.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
label.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 50).isActive = true
label.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 80).isActive = true
button.backgroundColor = UIColor.purple
button.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 30).isActive = true
button.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 10).isActive = true
setupStackView()
stackView.addArrangedSubview(label)
stackView.addArrangedSubview(button)
stackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
view.addSubview(stackView) // AA
}
private func setupStackView(){
stackView.axis = UILayoutConstraintAxis.vertical
stackView.distribution = UIStackViewDistribution.equalSpacing
stackView.alignment = UIStackViewAlignment.center
stackView.spacing = 15
stackView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor).isActive = true // B1
stackView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor).isActive = true // B2
}
}