我正在编写代码以递归方式替换给定字符串中的预定义变量。变量以字符'%'为前缀。以“^”开头的输入字符串将被评估。
例如,假设一个变量数组,例如:
$vars['a'] = 'This is a string';
$vars['b'] = '123';
$vars['d'] = '%c'; // Note that $vars['c'] has not been defined
$vars['e'] = '^5 + %d';
$vars['f'] = '^11 + %e + %b*2';
$vars['g'] = '^date(\'l\')';
$vars['h'] = 'Today is %g.';
$vars['input_digits'] = '*****';
$vars['code'] = '%input_digits';
以下代码将导致:
a) $str = '^1 + %c';
$rc = _expand_variables($str, $vars);
// Result: $rc == 1
b) $str = '^%a != NULL';
$rc = _expand_variables($str, $vars);
// Result: $rc == 1
c) $str = '^3+%f + 3';
$rc = _expand_variables($str, $vars);
// Result: $rc == 262
d) $str = '%h';
$rc = _expand_variables($str, $vars);
// Result: $rc == 'Today is Monday'
e) $str = 'Your code is: %code';
$rc = _expand_variables($str, $vars);
// Result: $rc == 'Your code is: *****'
有关如何做到这一点的任何建议?我花了很多天试图做到这一点,但只取得了部分成功。不幸的是,我的最后一次尝试设法产生了“分段错误”!!
非常感谢帮助!
答案 0 :(得分:1)
请注意,没有检查圆形包含,这只会导致无限循环。 (示例:$vars['s'] = '%s';
..)因此,请确保您的数据不含此类构造。
评论代码
// if(!is_numeric($expanded) || (substr($expanded.'',0,1)==='0'
// && strpos($expanded.'', '.')===false)) {
..
// }
可以使用或跳过。如果跳过,则引用任何替换,如果稍后将对字符串$str
进行评估!但是,由于PHP自动将字符串转换为数字(或者我应该说它试图这样做?)跳过代码不应该导致任何问题。
请注意,不支持布尔值! (此外,PHP没有自动转换,将'true'或'false'等字符串转换为适当的布尔值!)
<?
$vars['a'] = 'This is a string';
$vars['b'] = '123';
$vars['d'] = '%c';
$vars['e'] = '^5 + %d';
$vars['f'] = '^11 + %e + %b*2';
$vars['g'] = '^date(\'l\')';
$vars['h'] = 'Today is %g.';
$vars['i'] = 'Zip: %j';
$vars['j'] = '01234';
$vars['input_digits'] = '*****';
$vars['code'] = '%input_digits';
function expand($str, $vars) {
$regex = '/\%(\w+)/';
$eval = substr($str, 0, 1) == '^';
$res = preg_replace_callback($regex, function($matches) use ($eval, $vars) {
if(isset($vars[$matches[1]])) {
$expanded = expand($vars[$matches[1]], $vars);
if($eval) {
// Special handling since $str is going to be evaluated ..
// if(!is_numeric($expanded) || (substr($expanded.'',0,1)==='0'
// && strpos($expanded.'', '.')===false)) {
$expanded = "'$expanded'";
// }
}
return $expanded;
} else {
// Variable does not exist in $vars array
if($eval) {
return 'null';
}
return $matches[0];
}
}, $str);
if($eval) {
ob_start();
$expr = substr($res, 1);
if(eval('$res = ' . $expr . ';')===false) {
ob_end_clean();
die('Not a correct PHP-Expression: '.$expr);
}
ob_end_clean();
}
return $res;
}
echo expand('^1 + %c',$vars);
echo '<br/>';
echo expand('^%a != NULL',$vars);
echo '<br/>';
echo expand('^3+%f + 3',$vars);
echo '<br/>';
echo expand('%h',$vars);
echo '<br/>';
echo expand('Your code is: %code',$vars);
echo '<br/>';
echo expand('Some Info: %i',$vars);
?>
上面的代码假设PHP 5.3,因为它使用了闭包。
输出:
1
1
268
Today is Tuesday.
Your code is: *****
Some Info: Zip: 01234
对于PHP&lt; 5.3可以使用以下改编代码:
function expand2($str, $vars) {
$regex = '/\%(\w+)/';
$eval = substr($str, 0, 1) == '^';
$res = preg_replace_callback($regex, array(new Helper($vars, $eval),'callback'), $str);
if($eval) {
ob_start();
$expr = substr($res, 1);
if(eval('$res = ' . $expr . ';')===false) {
ob_end_clean();
die('Not a correct PHP-Expression: '.$expr);
}
ob_end_clean();
}
return $res;
}
class Helper {
var $vars;
var $eval;
function Helper($vars,$eval) {
$this->vars = $vars;
$this->eval = $eval;
}
function callback($matches) {
if(isset($this->vars[$matches[1]])) {
$expanded = expand($this->vars[$matches[1]], $this->vars);
if($this->eval) {
// Special handling since $str is going to be evaluated ..
if(!is_numeric($expanded) || (substr($expanded . '', 0, 1)==='0'
&& strpos($expanded . '', '.')===false)) {
$expanded = "'$expanded'";
}
}
return $expanded;
} else {
// Variable does not exist in $vars array
if($this->eval) {
return 'null';
}
return $matches[0];
}
}
}
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我现在为您的代码编写了一个求值程序,它也解决了循环引用问题。
使用:
$expression = new Evaluator($vars);
$vars['a'] = 'This is a string';
// ...
$vars['circular'] = '%ralucric';
$vars['ralucric'] = '%circular';
echo $expression->evaluate('%circular');
我使用$this->stack
来处理循环引用。 (不知道堆栈实际上是什么,我只是将其命名为^^)
class Evaluator {
private $vars;
private $stack = array();
private $inEval = false;
public function __construct(&$vars) {
$this->vars =& $vars;
}
public function evaluate($str) {
// empty string
if (!isset($str[0])) {
return '';
}
if ($str[0] == '^') {
$this->inEval = true;
ob_start();
eval('$str = ' . preg_replace_callback('#%(\w+)#', array($this, '_replace'), substr($str, 1)) . ';');
if ($error = ob_get_clean()) {
throw new LogicException('Eval code failed: '.$error);
}
$this->inEval = false;
}
else {
$str = preg_replace_callback('#%(\w+)#', array($this, '_replace'), $str);
}
return $str;
}
private function _replace(&$matches) {
if (!isset($this->vars[$matches[1]])) {
return $this->inEval ? 'null' : '';
}
if (isset($this->stack[$matches[1]])) {
throw new LogicException('Circular Reference detected!');
}
$this->stack[$matches[1]] = true;
$return = $this->evaluate($this->vars[$matches[1]]);
unset($this->stack[$matches[1]]);
return $this->inEval == false ? $return : '\'' . $return . '\'';
}
}
编辑1 :我使用以下方法测试了此脚本的最大递归深度:
$alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEF'; // GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
$length = strlen($alphabet);
$vars['a'] = 'Hallo World!';
for ($i = 1; $i < $length; ++$i) {
$vars[$alphabet[$i]] = '%' . $alphabet[$i-1];
}
var_dump($vars);
$expression = new Evaluator($vars);
echo $expression->evaluate('%' . $alphabet[$length - 1]);
如果将另一个字符添加到$alphabet
,则达到最大递归深度100。 (但是你可以在某个地方修改这个设置吗?)
答案 2 :(得分:0)
我实际上只是在实现MVC框架时这样做了。
我所做的是创建一个“find-tags”函数,它使用正则表达式来查找应该使用preg_match_all替换的所有内容,然后遍历列表并使用str_replaced代码递归调用该函数。
非常简化的代码
function findTags($body)
{
$tagPattern = '/{%(?P<tag>\w+) *(?P<inputs>.*?)%}/'
preg_match_all($tagPattern,$body,$results,PREG_SET_ORDER);
foreach($results as $command)
{
$toReturn[] = array(0=>$command[0],'tag'=>$command['tag'],'inputs'=>$command['inputs']);
}
if(!isset($toReturn))
$toReturn = array();
return $toReturn;
}
function renderToView($body)
{
$arr = findTags($body);
if(count($arr) == 0)
return $body;
else
{
foreach($arr as $tag)
{
$body = str_replace($tag[0],$LOOKUPARRY[$tag['tag']],$body);
}
}
return renderToView($body);
}