我正在学校为我的python课做这个项目的吃豆人游戏。一切都很顺利，但是......昨天，当我完成一些最后的功能时，我的比赛开始变得如此糟糕。我认为问题出现在主循环中，但我找不到解决方案......以下是一些代码：
from tkinter import *
import time
import threading
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import random
points = []
matrix = []
类游戏：
def __init__(self):
self.tk = Tk()
self.tk.title("Pac-man")
self.canvas = Canvas(self.tk, width = 800, height = 700, bg = 'black')
self.Pac = Pacman(self.canvas, 'yellow')
self.Blinky = Ghost(self.canvas, 'red')
self.score = 0
self.scoreid = Label(self.tk,
text = "SCORE: {0}".format(self.score), bg = 'yellow', fg = 'black')
self.scoreid.pack()
for wall in outerWall:
self.drawWall(wall[0], wall[1], wall[2], wall[3])
self.drawWall(800 - wall[0], wall[1], 800 - wall[2], wall[3])
for wall in WierdWalls:
self.drawWall(wall[0], wall[1], wall[2], wall[3])
self.drawWall(800 - wall[0], wall[1], 800 - wall[2], wall[3])
for wall in BaseOfGhost:
self.drawWall(wall[0], wall[1], wall[2], wall[3])
self.drawWall(800 - wall[0], wall[1], 800 - wall[2], wall[3])
self.canvas.create_line(350, 270, 450, 270, width = 5, fill = 'yellow')
for wall in squareWalls:
self.drawSquareWall(wall[0], wall[1], wall[2], wall[3])
self.drawSquareWall(800 - wall[0], wall[1], 800 - wall[2], wall[3])
self.drawPoints()
self.Pac.draw()
self.canvas.pack()
self.tk.update
self.running = True
def drawWall(self, x0, y0, x1, y1, width = 3, color = 'blue'):
self.canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x1, y1, width = width, fill = color)
def drawSquareWall(self, x0, y0, x1, y1, width = 2, color = 'black'):
self.canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill = color)
self.canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x1, y0, width = width, fill = 'blue')
self.canvas.create_line(x1, y0, x1, y1, width = width, fill = 'blue')
self.canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x0, y1, width = width, fill = 'blue')
self.canvas.create_line(x0, y1, x0, y0, width = width, fill = 'blue')
def drawPoints(self):
self.BuildHorizontalPath(40, 40, 13, 26)
self.BuildVerticalPath(40, 40, 9, 16)
self.BuildHorizontalPath(66, 168, 4, 26)
self.BuildHorizontalPath(66, 104, 4, 26)
self.BuildVerticalPath(170, 56, 8, 16)
self.BuildVerticalPath(170, 192, 18, 24)
self.BuildHorizontalPath(196, 104, 8, 26)
self.BuildVerticalPath(352, 56, 3, 16)
self.BuildHorizontalPath(40, 456, 5, 26)
self.BuildHorizontalPath(40, 600, 5, 26)
self.BuildVerticalPath(40, 472, 4, 16)
self.BuildHorizontalPath(66, 520, 2, 26)
self.BuildVerticalPath(92, 536, 4, 16 )
self.BuildVerticalPath(40, 600, 4, 18)
self.BuildHorizontalPath(66, 654, 12, 27)
self.BuildHorizontalPath(200, 527, 7, 27)
self.BuildHorizontalPath(200, 456, 7, 27)
self.BuildVerticalPath (362, 472, 3, 18)
self.BuildVerticalPath (274, 135, 3, 20)
self.BuildHorizontalPath (292, 175, 4, 18)
self.BuildVerticalPath (254, 550, 3, 20)
self.BuildHorizontalPath (274, 591, 5, 22)
self.BuildVerticalPath (363, 611, 2, 20)
def BuildHorizontalPath(self, val1, val2, number, increment = 25, delta = 8):
x, y = val1, val2
itemid1 = 0
itemid2 = 0
for i in range(number):
deltax = x + delta
deltay = y + delta
itemid1 = self.canvas.create_oval(x, y, deltax, deltay, fill = 'white')
itemid2 = self.canvas.create_oval(800-x, y, 800-deltax, deltay, fill = 'white')
points.append([(deltax + x)/2, (deltay + y)/2, itemid1])
points.append([800-(deltax + x)/2, (deltay+y)/2, itemid2])
x += increment
def BuildVerticalPath(self, val1, val2, number, increment = 30, delta = 8):
itemid1 = 0
itemid2 = 0
for i in range(number):
x, y = val1, val2
deltax = x + delta
deltay = y + delta
itemid1 = self.canvas.create_oval(x, y, deltax, deltay, fill = 'white')
itemid2 = self.canvas.create_oval(800-x, y, 800-deltax, deltay,
fill = 'white')
points.append([(deltax + x)/2, (deltay + y)/2, itemid1])
points.append([800-(deltax + x)/2, (deltay + y)/2, itemid2])
val2 += increment
def mainloop(self):
while 1:
if self.running:
first_moment = round(time.time())
if not self.Pac.hitwall():
self.Pac.canvas.move(self.Pac.id, self.Pac.x, self.Pac.y)
if self.Pac.feed():
self.score = self.score + 10
self.scoreid.config(text = "SCORE: {0}".format(self.score))
if self.Pac.first_teleport():
self.Pac.canvas.move(self.Pac.id, 760, 0)
if self.Pac.second_teleport():
self.Pac.canvas.move(self.Pac.id, -760, 0)
if not self.Blinky.hitwall():
self.Blinky.canvas.move(self.Blinky.id, self.Blinky.x, self.Blinky.y)
if self.Blinky.hitwall():
self.Blinky.change_direction()
last_moment = round(time.time())
self.tk.update_idletasks()
self.tk.update()
s = 0.01 - (last_moment - first_moment)
if s >= 0:
time.sleep(s)
def __init__(self, canvas, color):
self.canvas = canvas
self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 35, 35, fill = color)
self.canvas.move(self.id, 400, 375)
self.x = 0
self.y = 0
self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.turn_left)
self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.turn_right)
self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Up>', self.go_up)
self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Down>', self.go_down)
self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyRelease>', self.stop)
#self.canvas.bind_all(self.hitwall, self.stop)
def feed(self):
pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)
for point in points:
if point[0] >= pos[0] and point[0] <= pos[2]:
if point[1] >= pos[1] and point[1] <= pos[3]:
self.canvas.delete(point[2])
points.remove(point)
return True
if point[1] >= pos[1] and point[1] <= pos[3]:
if point[0] >= pos[0] and point[0] <= pos[2]:
self.canvas.delete(point[2])
points.remove(point)
return True
return False
def stop(self, event):
self.x = 0
self.y = 0
def turn_left(self, event):
self.x = -2
def turn_right(self, event):
self.x = 2
def go_up(self, event):
self.y = -2
def go_down(self, event):
self.y = 2
def draw(self):
self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y)
def hitwall(self):
pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)
pos[0] += self.x
pos[1] += self.y
pos[2] += self.x
pos[3] += self.y
for wall in squareWalls:
if pos[1] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
if pos[0] in range(wall[0], wall[2]):
return True
if pos[2] in range(wall[0], wall[2]):
return True
elif pos[3] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
if pos[0] in range(wall[0], wall[2]):
return True
if pos[2] in range(wall[0], wall[2]):
return True
if pos[1] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
if pos[0] >= 800 - wall[2] and pos[0]<= 800 - wall[0]:
return True
if pos[2] >= 800 - wall[2] and pos[2]<= 800 - wall[0]:
return True
elif pos[3] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
if pos[0] >= 800 - wall[2] and pos[0]<= 800 - wall[0]:
return True
if pos[2] >= 800 - wall[2] and pos[2]<= 800 - wall[0]:
return True
for wall in outerWall:
if pos[1] > 90 and pos[3] < 680:
if pos[0] <= wall[0] and pos[0] <= wall[2]:
if pos[1] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
return True
if pos[2] <= wall[0] and pos[2] <=wall[2]:
if pos[3] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
return True
if pos[3] > 680 or pos[1] < 20:
return True
if pos[1] > 20 and pos[1] < 90:
if pos[0] < 20:
return True
if pos[2] > 780:
return True
if pos[2] > 385 and pos[2] < 415:
return True
if pos[0] > 385 and pos[0] < 415:
return True
if pos[1] > 90 and pos[3] < 680:
if pos[0] >= 800 - wall[0] and pos[0] >= 800 - wall[2]:
if pos[1] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
return True
if pos[2] >= 800 - wall[0] and pos[2] >= 800 - wall[2]:
if pos[3] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
return True
for wall in list_of_walls:
if pos[1] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
if pos[0] in range(wall[0], wall[2]):
return True
if pos[2] in range(wall[0], wall[2]):
return True
elif pos[3] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
if pos[0] in range(wall[0], wall[2]):
return True
if pos[2] in range(wall[0], wall[2]):
return True
if pos[1] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
if pos[0] >= 800 - wall[2] and pos[0]<= 800 - wall[0]:
return True
if pos[2] >= 800 - wall[2] and pos[2]<= 800 - wall[0]:
return True
elif pos[3] in range(wall[1], wall[3]):
if pos[0] >= 800 - wall[2] and pos[0]<= 800 - wall[0]:
return True
if pos[2] >= 800 - wall[2] and pos[2]<= 800 - wall[0]:
return True
return False
def first_teleport(self):
pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)
if pos[1] > 290 and pos[1] < 350:
if pos[0] < 0:
return True
return False
def second_teleport(self):
pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)
if pos[3] > 290 and pos[3] < 350:
if pos[2] > 800:
return True
return False
class Menu（）：
def __init__(self):
self.m = Tk()
self.m.title("Pac-man")
image1 = Image.open("/home/tano/The_Pac-man_game/pacman.jpg")
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image1)
label1 = Label(self.m, image = photo )
label1.image = photo
label1.pack()
play_button = Button(self.m,text="Play", command = self.Play).pack()
exit_button = Button(self.m,text="Exit", command = self.Exit).pack()
def Play(self):
self.m.destroy()
g = Game()
g.mainloop()
def Exit(self):
self.m.destroy()
def mainloop(self):
while 1:
self.m.update_idletasks()
self.m.update()
time.sleep(0.01)
Ghost类（Pacman）：
def __init__(self, canvas, color):
self.canvas = canvas
self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 35, 35, fill = color)
self.canvas.move(self.id, 350, 220)
self.x = -2
self.y = 0
def movement(self):
if self.x > 0:
self.turn_right
if self.x < 0:
self.turn_left
if self.y > 0:
self.go_down
if self.y < 0:
self.go_up
def change_direction(self):
z = random.randrange(1, 4)
if z == 1:
self.x = 0
self.y = 2
elif z == 2:
self.x = 2
self.y = 0
elif z == 3:
self.x = 0
self.y = -2
elif z == 4:
self.x = -2
self.y = 0
outerWall = [ [5, 5, 5, 200], [5, 5, 400, 5], [20, 20, 20, 200],
[20, 20, 385, 20], [5, 200, 5, 215], [20, 200, 150, 200], [5, 215, 135, 215], [135, 215, 135, 275],[150, 200, 150, 290], [135, 215, 135, 275], [5, 290, 150, 290], [5, 275, 135, 275], [5, 350, 150, 350], [5, 365, 135, 365],
[150, 350, 150, 440] , [135, 365, 135, 425], [20, 440, 150, 440], [5, 425, 135, 425], [5, 425, 5, 695], [20, 440, 20, 545], [20, 575, 20, 680], [20, 545, 60, 545], [20, 575, 60, 575], [60, 545, 60, 575], [5, 695, 795, 695], [385, 20, 385, 90], [385, 90, 400, 90], [20, 680, 780, 680]]
squareWalls = [[60, 60, 150, 90], [200, 60, 340, 90], [60, 130, 150, 150], [200, 350, 240, 440], [200, 490, 340, 510]]
BaseOfGhost = [[300, 270, 300, 370], [310, 280, 310, 360], [300, 270, 350, 270], [300, 370, 400, 370], [310, 360, 400, 360], [310, 280, 350, 280],[350, 280, 350, 270] ]
WierdWalls = [[300, 140, 500, 140], [500, 140, 500, 160], [500, 160, 410, 160],[300, 140, 300, 160], [300, 160, 390, 160], [390, 160, 390, 220], [410, 160, 410, 220], [390, 220, 410 , 220], [560, 140, 560, 200], [600, 140, 600, 290], [560, 200, 480, 200], [480, 200, 480, 220], [480, 220, 560, 220], [560, 220, 560, 290], [560, 290, 600, 290], [560, 140, 600, 140], [150, 480, 150, 575], [150, 480, 60, 480], [60, 480, 60, 500], [60, 500, 130, 500], [130, 500, 130, 575], [130, 575, 150, 575], [300, 440, 390, 440 ], [300, 440, 300, 420], [300, 420, 500, 420], [390, 440, 390, 510], [390, 510, 410, 510],[300, 580, 390, 580 ], [300, 580, 300, 550], [300, 550, 500, 550], [390, 580, 390, 640], [390, 640, 410, 640], [60, 640, 340, 640], [60, 640, 60, 620], [60, 620, 200, 620], [200, 620, 200, 550], [200, 550, 220, 550,],[220, 550, 220, 620], [220, 620, 340, 620], [340, 620, 340, 640] ]
list_of_walls = [[300,140,500,160],[390,160,410,220], [560,140,600,290],[560,200,480,220], [240,200,320,220],[240,140,200,290],[150,480,130,575], [650,480,670,575], [150,480,60,500], [650,480,740,500], [300,420,500,440], [390,440,410,510], [300,550,500,580], [390,580,410,640], [60,620,340,640], [460,620,740,640], [200,550,220,620], [580,550,600, 620], [300, 270, 400, 370]]
m = Menu()
m.mainloop()
我担心的是这个函数hitwall()是否太大，因为到目前为止我在这个主循环中使用它两次，我需要两倍以上......
如果有人帮我找到解决这个问题的方法，我会很高兴，因为这个项目对我来说非常重要。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
在游戏初始化时，您可以进行一些预处理并将游戏区域逻辑划分为象限，然后为每个区域构建一个列表，其中仅包含区域中完全或部分的墙壁。
使用这样的列表，只需查看与hitwall()当前所在区域相对应的墙（并忽略其他区域列表中的区域），即可加快Pacman。如果墙壁是随机分布的，并且Pacman完全位于其中一个象限内，这将减少所需的比较次数显着 - 多达75％。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
对的调用会导致您的程序滞后。可能还有其他问题，但这绝对是其中之一。您不应该拥有自己的sleep方法，而应使用内置的mainloop函数。
您可以通过从mainloop删除while语句，删除sleep语句以及对mainloop和update的调用，然后让它使用update_idletasks来执行此操作命令使自己每隔几毫秒运行一次。
它看起来像这样：
after这是完整版：
def animate(self):
<all of the code for updating the display>
self.after(30, self.animate)
您可以在一些地方使用def animate(self):
if self.running:
if not self.Pac.hitwall():
self.Pac.canvas.move(self.Pac.id, self.Pac.x, self.Pac.y)
if self.Pac.feed():
self.score = self.score + 10
self.scoreid.config(text = "SCORE: {0}".format(self.score))
if self.Pac.first_teleport():
self.Pac.canvas.move(self.Pac.id, 760, 0)
if self.Pac.second_teleport():
self.Pac.canvas.move(self.Pac.id, -760, 0)
if not self.Blinky.hitwall():
self.Blinky.canvas.move(self.Blinky.id, self.Blinky.x, self.Blinky.y)
if self.Blinky.hitwall():
self.Blinky.change_direction()
self.after(30, self.animate)
来减少计算量。例如，如果else返回hitwall()，则可能无需再调用True，对吧？并且，如果pacman击中第一个传送，那么就不需要检查它是否在第二个传送中。正确使用feed()后，您可以将计算量减少三分之一或更多。
此外，您在每次迭代期间两次调用self.Blinky.hitwall（）。难道你不应该只召唤一次吗？