zeromq-4.1.3在Ubuntu14.04中运行程序错误

Question

我是zeromq的新手。安装zeromq-4.1.3后，我只是按照以下方式从“http://zguide.zeromq.org/page:all”运行C中的“Hello World”示例：

1. gcc -c hwclient.c

2. g++ -o client hwclient.o -lzmq

但它似乎有许多“未定义的引用”:(很抱歉，我没有足够的代表来上传截图）

  

// usr / local / lib / libzmq.a（libzmq_la-pipe.o）：在函数zmq::mutex_t::try_lock()': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/mutex.hpp:114: undefined reference to pthread_mutex_trylock'中   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-ctx.o）：在函数zmq::ctx_t::~ctx_t()': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/ctx.cpp:117: undefined reference to randombytes_close'中   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-thread.o）：在函数thread_routine': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/thread.cpp:91: undefined reference to pthread_sigmask'中   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-thread.o）：在函数zmq::thread_t::start(void (*)(void*), void*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/thread.cpp:105: undefined reference to pthread_create'中   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-thread.o）：在函数zmq::thread_t::stop()': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/thread.cpp:111: undefined reference to pthread_join'中   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-zmq_utils.o）：在函数zmq_curve_keypair': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/zmq_utils.cpp:202: undefined reference to crypto_box_keypair'中   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o）：在函数zmq::curve_client_t::encode(zmq::msg_t*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:151: undefined reference to crypto_box_afternm'中   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o）：在函数zmq::curve_client_t::decode(zmq::msg_t*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:214: undefined reference to中crypto_box_open_afternm'   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o）：在函数zmq::curve_client_t::curve_client_t(zmq::options_t const&)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:61: undefined reference to sodium_init'中   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:65：对crypto_box_keypair' //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o): In function zmq :: curve_client_t :: produce_hello（zmq :: msg_t *）'的未定义引用：   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:265：未定义引用crypto_box' //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o): In function zmq :: curve_client_t :: process_welcome（unsigned char const *，unsigned long）'：   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:310：对crypto_box_open' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:320: undefined reference to crypto_box_beforenm'的未定义引用   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o）：在函数zmq::curve_client_t::produce_initiate(zmq::msg_t*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:340: undefined reference to randombytes'中   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:344：对crypto_box' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:380: undefined reference to crypto_box'的未定义引用   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o）：在函数zmq::curve_client_t::process_ready(unsigned char const*, unsigned long)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:424: undefined reference to中crypto_box_open_afternm'   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o）：在函数zmq::curve_server_t::encode(zmq::msg_t*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:157: undefined reference to crypto_box_afternm'中   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o）：在函数zmq::curve_server_t::decode(zmq::msg_t*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:223: undefined reference to crypto_box_open_afternm'中   //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o）：在函数zmq::curve_server_t::curve_server_t(zmq::session_base_t*, std::string const&, zmq::options_t const&)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:64: undefined reference to sodium_init'中   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:68：对crypto_box_keypair' //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o): In function zmq :: curve_server_t :: process_hello（zmq :: msg_t *）'的未定义引用：   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:319：对crypto_box_open' //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o): In function zmq :: curve_server_t :: produce_welcome（zmq :: msg_t *）'的未定义引用：   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:340：对randombytes' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:350: undefined reference to randombytes'的未定义引用   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:355：对crypto_secretbox' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:365: undefined reference to randombytes'的未定义引用   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:377：对crypto_box' //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o): In function zmq :: curve_server_t :: produce_ready（zmq :: msg_t *）'的未定义引用：   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:547：对crypto_box_afternm' //usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o): In function zmq :: curve_server_t :: process_initiate（zmq :: msg_t *）'的未定义引用：   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:421：对crypto_secretbox_open' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:454: undefined reference to crypto_box_open'的未定义引用   /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:479：对crypto_box_open' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:496: undefined reference to crypto_box_beforenm'的未定义引用   collect2：错误：ld返回1退出状态

我也使用“How to build a project (say zeromq) as static library and linked it into my project”中的方法：

./configure --enable-static --disable-shared --prefix=/home/gsp/zeromqworkspace/test

g++ -o client hwclient.o /home/gsp/zeromqworkspace/test/libzmq.a

原来是：“g ++：error：/home/gsp/zeromqworkspace/test/libzmq.a：没有这样的文件或目录”。

我不知道该怎么办。我期待着你的回答。谢谢！

Answer 1

pthread函数应通过将-lpthread开关添加到g++语句来链接。

如果新的链接器开关出现未找到库的错误，请尝试sudo apt-get install libpthread-stubs0-dev

Answer 2

当我运行：g ++ -o client zmqclient.o -I / usr / local / include -L / usr / local / lib -lzmq -lpthread时，结果更改为以下内容：

gsp @ gsp-Lenovo：〜/ zeromqworkspace / test $ g ++ -o client zmqclient.o -I / usr / local / include -L / usr / local / lib -lzmq -lpthread /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-ctx.o）：在函数zmq::ctx_t::~ctx_t()': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/ctx.cpp:117: undefined reference to randombytes_close'中 /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-zmq_utils.o）：在函数zmq_curve_keypair': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/zmq_utils.cpp:202: undefined reference to crypto_box_keypair'中 /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o）：在函数zmq::curve_client_t::encode(zmq::msg_t*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:151: undefined reference to crypto_box_afternm'中 /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o）：在函数zmq::curve_client_t::decode(zmq::msg_t*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:214: undefined reference to crypto_box_open_afternm'中 /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o）：在函数zmq::curve_client_t::curve_client_t(zmq::options_t const&)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:61: undefined reference to sodium_init'中 /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:65：对crypto_box_keypair' /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o): In function zmq :: curve_client_t :: produce_hello（zmq :: msg_t *）'的未定义引用： /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:265：未定义引用crypto_box' /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o): In function zmq :: curve_client_t :: process_welcome（unsigned char const *，unsigned long）'： /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:310：对crypto_box_open' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:320: undefined reference to crypto_box_beforenm'的未定义引用 /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o）：在函数zmq::curve_client_t::produce_initiate(zmq::msg_t*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:340: undefined reference to randombytes'中 /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:344：对crypto_box' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:380: undefined reference to crypto_box'的未定义引用 /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_client.o）：在函数zmq::curve_client_t::process_ready(unsigned char const*, unsigned long)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_client.cpp:424: undefined reference to crypto_box_open_afternm'中 /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o）：在函数zmq::curve_server_t::encode(zmq::msg_t*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:157: undefined reference to crypto_box_afternm'中 /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o）：在函数zmq::curve_server_t::decode(zmq::msg_t*)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:223: undefined reference to crypto_box_open_afternm'中 /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o）：在函数zmq::curve_server_t::curve_server_t(zmq::session_base_t*, std::string const&, zmq::options_t const&)': /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:64: undefined reference to sodium_init'中 /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:68：对crypto_box_keypair' /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o): In function zmq :: curve_server_t :: process_hello（zmq :: msg_t *）'的未定义引用： /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:319：对crypto_box_open' /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o): In function zmq :: curve_server_t :: produce_welcome（zmq :: msg_t *）'的未定义引用： /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:340：对randombytes' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:350: undefined reference to randombytes'的未定义引用 /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:355：对crypto_secretbox' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:365: undefined reference to randombytes'的未定义引用 /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:377：对crypto_box' /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o): In function zmq :: curve_server_t :: produce_ready（zmq :: msg_t *）'的未定义引用： /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:547：对crypto_box_afternm' /usr/local/lib/libzmq.a(libzmq_la-curve_server.o): In function zmq :: curve_server_t :: process_initiate（zmq :: msg_t *）'的未定义引用： /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:421：对crypto_secretbox_open' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:454: undefined reference to crypto_box_open'的未定义引用 /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:479：对crypto_box_open' /usr/software/zeromq-4.1.3/src/curve_server.cpp:496: undefined reference to crypto_box_beforenm'的未定义引用 collect2：错误：ld返回1退出状态

Answer 3

undefined reference to消息表示缺少一个或多个库。

基于对加密操作的所有引用，它看起来像lib sodium，也可能pthread。要确认这一点，您可以尝试使用

添加对lib sodium的直接库引用

-l/usr/local/lib/libsodium.a

也许

-lpthread

当然会改变路径

libsodium.a

实际安装了

。