为什么Python 3.1比这个代码慢2.6?

时间:2010-07-11 09:34:25

标签: python performance python-3.x

考虑以下代码(来自here,测试次数增加):

from timeit import Timer

def find_invpow(x,n):
    """Finds the integer component of the n'th root of x,
    an integer such that y ** n <= x < (y + 1) ** n.
    """
    high = 1
    while high ** n < x:
        high *= 2
    low = high/2
    while low < high:
        mid = (low + high) // 2
        if low < mid and mid**n < x:
            low = mid
        elif high > mid and mid**n > x:
            high = mid
        else:
            return mid
    return mid + 1

def find_invpowAlt(x,n):
    """Finds the integer component of the n'th root of x,
    an integer such that y ** n <= x < (y + 1) ** n.
    """
    low = 10 ** (len(str(x)) / n)
    high = low * 10
    while low < high:
        mid = (low + high) // 2
        if low < mid and mid**n < x:
            low = mid
        elif high > mid and mid**n > x:
            high = mid
        else:
            return mid
    return mid + 1

x = 237734537465873465
n = 5
tests = 1000000

print "Norm", Timer('find_invpow(x,n)', 'from __main__ import find_invpow, x,n').timeit(number=tests)
print "Alt", Timer('find_invpowAlt(x,n)', 'from __main__ import find_invpowAlt, x,n').timeit(number=tests)

使用Python 2.6(Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 16 2010, 13:57:41) [GCC 4.4.3] on linux2),报告的时间是:

Norm 9.73663210869
Alt 9.53973197937

但是,在使用Python 3.1(Python 3.1.2 (r312:79147, Apr 15 2010, 15:35:48) [GCC 4.4.3] on linux2)的同一台机器上,时间是:

Norm 28.4206559658
Alt 26.8007400036

有谁知道为什么这段代码在Python 3.1上运行速度慢三倍?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

我从2.5,2.6,2.7和3.1(Windows XP SP2)中稳步减少了......用“/”版本。使用//,3.1倍显着小于2.X倍,例如“规范”从6.35(py2.7)下降到3.62(py3.1)。

请注意,在2.x中,有整数(机器字,32或64位)和长整数(可变长度)。在3.x中,long已重命名为int,并且int消失了。我的猜测是,从long转换为float可能会导致额外的时间使用/.

无论如何,更好的“Alt”版本将从这段代码开始:

high = 1
highpown = 1
while highpown < x:
    high <<= 1
    highpown <<= n

答案 1 :(得分:2)

//运算符在python 2和3中执行整数除法(或舍入除法),而/运算符在python 2中执行floor division,给定整数操作数,并在python 3中执行true division操作数。

尝试使用/运算符替换//运算符。