在Python中映射数组的好方法是什么?

时间:2015-08-25 16:46:13

标签: python numpy

我有一个旧的遗留Fortran代码,将从Python调用。

在此代码中,数据数组是通过某种算法计算的。我简化了它:假设我们有10个元素要继续(在实际应用中它通常是10e + 6而不是10):

number_of_elements = 10
element_id_1 = [0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0] # size = number_of_elements
element_id_2 = [0, 1, 2]                      # size = max(element_id_1)

然后按如下方式使用这些数组:

my_element = one_of_my_10_elements # does not matter where it comes from
my_element_position = elt_position_in_element_id_1 # does not matter how
id_1 = element_id_1[my_element_position]
if id_1 == 0:
   id_2 = None
else:
   id_2 = element_id_2[id_1-1]
   modify(my_element, some_other_data[id_2])

管理这种关系的Pythonic / numpy方法是什么,即获得给定元素的id_2

我已经看过掩码阵列,但我还没有找到一种方法来使用它们进行这种配置。为元素实现一个类,它将在计算后存储id_2并稍后提供它会让我想到与数组操作相比非常差的计算时间。我错了吗?

UPD。遗留代码中当前完成的更大范例:

import numpy as np
number_of_elements = 10

elements = np.arange(number_of_elements, dtype=int)  # my elements IDs
# elements data
# where element_x[7] provides X value for element 7
#   and element_n[7] provides N value for element 7
element_x = np.arange(number_of_elements, dtype=np.float)
element_n = np.arange(number_of_elements, dtype=np.int32)

# array defining subsets of elements
# where
# element_id_1[1] = element_id_1[3] = element_id_1[4] means elements 1, 3 and 4 have something in common
# and
# element_id_1[9] = 0 means element 9 does not belong to any group
element_id_1 = np.array([0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0])  # size = number_of_elements

# array defining other data for each group of elements
# element_id_2[0] means elements of group 1 (elements 1, 3 and 4) have no data associated
# element_id_2[1] = 1 means elements of group 2 (elements 2 and 5) have data associated: other_x[element_id_2[1]-1] = 7.
# element_id_2[2] = 2 means elements of group 3 (elements 6 and 8) have data associated: other_x[element_id_2[1]-1] = 5.
element_id_2 = np.array([0, 1, 2])  # size = max(element_id_1)
other_x = np.array([7., 5.]) # size = max(element_id_2)

# work with elements
for my_element_position in elements:
    id_1 = element_id_1[my_element_position]

    if id_1 == 0:
        print 'element %d, skipping'%(my_element_position)
        continue

    id_2 = element_id_2[id_1-1]

    if id_2 > 0:
        # use element_x[my_element_position], element_n[my_element_position] and other_x[id_2] to compute more data
        print 'element %d, using other_x[%d] = %f'%(my_element_position, id_2, other_x[id_2-1])
    else:
        # use element_x[my_element_position] and element_n[my_element_position] to compute more data
        print 'element %d, not using other_x'%(my_element_position)

我知道切片一个numpy数组比迭代它更快,我已经得到了以下切片:

elements_to_skip = np.where(element_id_1[:] == 0)[0]
for my_element_position in elements_to_skip:
    print 'element %d, skipping'%(my_element_position)

elements_with_id1 = np.where(element_id_1[:] > 0)[0]
array1 = element_id_1[elements_with_id1]
array1 = element_id_2[array1-1]
array1 = np.where(array1[:] > 0)[0]
elements_with_data = elements_with_id1[array1]
id_2_array = element_id_2[element_id_1[elements_with_data]-1]
for my_element_position, id_2 in zip(elements_with_data, id_2_array):
    print 'element %d, using other_x[%d] = %f'%(my_element_position, id_2, other_x[id_2-1])

elements_without_data = np.delete(elements, np.concatenate((elements_to_skip, elements_with_data)))
for my_element_position in elements_without_data:
    print 'element %d, not using other_x'%(my_element_position)

这与上面的代码片段给出了相同的结果。你有没有办法让这个难以理解的代码变得更好?这种方法会比之前的代码片段更推荐吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

我不完全确定你的代码需要做什么,但我认为如果你正在使用numpy数组,你想做这样的事情:

number_of_elements = 10
element_id_1 = np.array([0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0]) 
element_id_2 = np.array([np.NaN,0, 1, 2]  )
# to get the  "elemtn_id_1 th" elemnt from element_id_2
result=element_id_2[element_id_1]

我使用np.NaN而不是None如果您不想在结果中使用np.NaN,只需执行:

result[np.logical_not(np.isnan(result))]

编辑:根据您的示例代码,它只不过是我做的,您只需为案例0和1分配不同的other_x,然后从数组中提取您需要的任何内容:

element_id_1 = np.array([0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0])

data=array([np.NaN,-1,7,5])

result=data[element_id_1]

print "skipping:"+str(np.where(np.isnan(result)))

print "using other data:"+str(np.where(nan_to_num(result)>0))
print "other data used:"+str(result[nan_to_num(result)>0])

print "not using other data:"+str(np.where(result==-1))

返回:

skipping:(array([0, 7, 9]),)
using other data:(array([2, 5, 6, 8]),)
other data used:[ 7.  7.  5.  5.]
not using other data:(array([1, 3, 4]),)

如果你不喜欢nans,你也可以通过在这种情况下分配-2来省略它们。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

如果我有类似的问题,我会选择hashMaps。 python中的dict与大多数语言中的hashMap几乎相同 详细信息检查:Python dictionary implementation 如下所示:

id2_dict = {}
my_element = one_of_my_10_elements # does not matter where it comes from
my_element_position = elt_position_in_element_id_1 # does not matter how
id_1 = element_id_1[my_element_position]
if id_1 == 0:
   id2_dict[id_1] = None
else:
   id2_dict[id_1] = id2_dict[id_1-1]

考虑到数据的性质(整数),您可能希望使用list,但如果您的id_1值很稀疏,那么您将浪费大量空间并且会减少 pythonic 方法。但是,如果您的id_1值跨越整数范围,并且在某些范围内密集,那么请使用列表并相应地处理索引。 list会为你节省散列部分,但会减少pythonic并且难以维护 tl; dr:如果id_1是密集且几乎跨越范围,请使用list和id_1作为索引(使用一些索引移位),否则请使用(hashmap){{1 }和id_1为关键。