在一行R中的几个替换

时间:2015-08-23 19:07:17

标签: r string

我在R中的数据框中有一列,其值为“-1”,“0”,“1”。我想分别用“no”,“maybe”和“yes”替换这些值。我将使用sub。

来做到这一点

我可以写一个条件函数,然后代码:

    df[col] <- lapply(df[col], conditional_function_substitution)

我也可以一次做一个替换(三个中的第一个示例):

   df[col] <- lapply(df[col], sub, pattern = '-1', replacement = "no")

我想知道它是否可以在一行中完成?类似的东西:

   df[col] <- lapply(df[col], sub, pattern = c('-1','0','1'), replacement = c('no','maybe','yes')

感谢您的见解!

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:14)

通过将2添加到-1,0和1,您可以将索引转换为所需结果的向量:

c("no", "maybe", "yes")[dat + 2]
# [1] "no"    "yes"   "maybe" "yes"   "yes"   "no"  

相关选项可以使用match函数来计算索引:

c("no", "maybe", "yes")[match(dat, -1:1)]
# [1] "no"    "yes"   "maybe" "yes"   "yes"   "no"  

或者,您可以使用命名向量进行重新编码:

unname(c("-1"="no", "0"="maybe", "1"="yes")[as.character(dat)])
# [1] "no"    "yes"   "maybe" "yes"   "yes"   "no"   

您还可以使用嵌套的ifelse

ifelse(dat == -1, "no", ifelse(dat == 0, "maybe", "yes"))
# [1] "no"    "yes"   "maybe" "yes"   "yes"   "no"   

如果您不介意加载新软件包,Recode软件包中的car函数会执行此操作:

library(car)
Recode(dat, "-1='no'; 0='maybe'; 1='yes'")
# [1] "no"    "yes"   "maybe" "yes"   "yes"   "no"  

数据

dat <- c(-1, 1, 0, 1, 1, -1)

请注意,如果将dat存储为字符串,则除第一个以外的所有内容都有效;在第一个中你需要使用as.numeric(dat)

如果代码清晰度是您的主要目标,那么您应该选择一个您最容易理解的内容 - 我个人会选择第二个或最后一个,但这是个人偏好。

如果感兴趣的是代码速度,那么您可以对解决方案进行基准测试。这是我提出的五个选项的基准,也包括目前作为其他答案发布的另外两个解决方案,以长度为100k的随机向量为基准:

set.seed(144)
dat <- sample(c(-1, 0, 1), replace=TRUE, 100000)
opt1 <- function(dat) c("no", "maybe", "yes")[dat + 2]
opt2 <- function(dat) c("no", "maybe", "yes")[match(dat, -1:1)]
opt3 <- function(dat) unname(c("-1"="no", "0"="maybe", "1"="yes")[as.character(dat)])
opt4 <- function(dat) ifelse(dat == -1, "no", ifelse(dat == 0, "maybe", "yes"))
opt5 <- function(dat) Recode(dat, "-1='no'; 0='maybe'; 1='yes'")
AnandaMahto <- function(dat) factor(dat, levels = c(-1, 0, 1), labels = c("no", "maybe", "yes"))
hrbrmstr <- function(dat) sapply(as.character(dat), switch, `-1`="no", `0`="maybe", `1`="yes", USE.NAMES=FALSE)
library(microbenchmark)
microbenchmark(opt1(dat), opt2(dat), opt3(dat), opt4(dat), opt5(dat), AnandaMahto(dat), hrbrmstr(dat))
# Unit: milliseconds
#              expr        min         lq       mean     median         uq        max neval
#         opt1(dat)   1.513500   2.553022   2.763685   2.656010   2.837673   4.384149   100
#         opt2(dat)   2.153438   3.013502   3.251850   3.117058   3.269230   5.851234   100
#         opt3(dat)  59.716271  61.890470  64.978685  62.509046  63.723048 144.708757   100
#         opt4(dat)  62.934734  64.715815  71.181477  65.652195  71.123384 123.840577   100
#         opt5(dat)  82.976441  84.849147  89.071808  85.752429  88.473162 155.347273   100
#  AnandaMahto(dat)  57.267227  58.643889  60.508402  59.065642  60.368913  80.852157   100
#     hrbrmstr(dat) 137.883307 148.626496 158.051220 153.441243 162.594752 228.271336   100

前两个选项似乎比任何其他选项快一个数量级,但要么矢量必须非常大,要么你需要多次重复操作这有所作为。

正如@AnandaMahto所指出的,如果我们有字符输入而不是数字输入,这些结果在质量上是不同的:

set.seed(144)
dat <- sample(c("-1", "0", "1"), replace=TRUE, 100000)
opt1 <- function(dat) c("no", "maybe", "yes")[as.numeric(dat) + 2]
opt2 <- function(dat) c("no", "maybe", "yes")[match(dat, -1:1)]
opt3 <- function(dat) unname(c("-1"="no", "0"="maybe", "1"="yes")[as.character(dat)])
opt4 <- function(dat) ifelse(dat == -1, "no", ifelse(dat == 0, "maybe", "yes"))
opt5 <- function(dat) Recode(dat, "-1='no'; 0='maybe'; 1='yes'")
AnandaMahto <- function(dat) factor(dat, levels = c(-1, 0, 1), labels = c("no", "maybe", "yes"))
hrbrmstr <- function(dat) sapply(dat, switch, `-1`="no", `0`="maybe", `1`="yes", USE.NAMES=FALSE)
library(microbenchmark)
microbenchmark(opt1(dat), opt2(dat), opt3(dat), opt4(dat), opt5(dat), AnandaMahto(dat), hrbrmstr(dat))
# Unit: milliseconds
#              expr       min        lq       mean     median         uq        max neval
#         opt1(dat)  8.397194  9.519075  10.784108   9.693706  10.163203   55.78417   100
#         opt2(dat)  2.281438  3.091418   4.231162   3.210794   3.436038   49.39879   100
#         opt3(dat)  3.606863  5.481115   6.466393   5.720282   6.344651   48.47924   100
#         opt4(dat) 66.819638 69.996704  74.596960  71.290522  73.404043  127.52415   100
#         opt5(dat) 32.897019 35.701401  38.488489  36.336489  38.950272   88.20915   100
#  AnandaMahto(dat)  1.329443  2.114504   2.824306   2.275736   2.493907   46.19333   100
#     hrbrmstr(dat) 81.898572 91.043729 154.331766 100.006203 141.425717 1594.17447   100

现在,@ AnandaMahto提出的factor解决方案是最快的,然后使用match进行矢量索引并命名向量查找。同样,所有运行时都足够快,你需要一个大的向量或许多运行来解决这个问题。

答案 1 :(得分:8)

factor通常用于此类任务,并导致一些非常易读的代码:

vec <- c(0, 1, -1, -1, 1, 0)
vec
# [1]  0  1 -1 -1  1  0

factor(vec, levels = c(-1, 0, 1), labels = c("no", "maybe", "yes"))
# [1] maybe yes   no    no    yes   maybe
# Levels: no maybe yes

如果您只想要字符输出,请将其包装在as.character

如果列值已经是字符串,您只需修改levels中的factor参数即可使用as.character

vec2 <- as.character(c(0, 1, -1, -1, 1, 0))
vec2
# [1] "0"  "1"  "-1" "-1" "1"  "0" 

factor(vec2, levels = as.character(c(-1, 0, 1)), labels = c("no", "maybe", "yes"))
# [1] maybe yes   no    no    yes   maybe
# Levels: no maybe yes

答案 2 :(得分:3)

这也可能是switch的邪恶应用程序:

set.seed(1492)
thing <- sample(c(-1, 0, 1), 100, replace=TRUE)
sapply(as.character(thing), switch, `-1`="no", `0`="maybe", `1`="yes", USE.NAMES=FALSE))

如果它们实际上已经是字符,则可以不用as.character()位。

注意:我不一定会推荐这个,只是展示所有可能的方式(这更像是ifelse段传递的错误方式。

IMO factor是可行的方法。