在程序中,我计算一个百分比并将其打印给用户。问题是打印的百分比显示的小数点太多。我搜索了一个解决这个问题的函数,没找到,并编写了下面的舍入函数,但我想知道是否有更标准的方法来代替。此外,this Java topic中描述的想法非常简洁,如果已经有功能这样做,我很想知道。
roundTo :: (Integral int1, Integral int2) => int1 -> Double -> Either int2 Double
roundTo digitsAfterComma value
| (digitsAfterComma >= 1) =
let
factor = fromIntegral (10 ^ digitsAfterComma)
result = ((/ factor) . fromIntegral . round . (* factor)) value
in
Right result
| (digitsAfterComma == 0) = Left (round value)
| otherwise = error "minimal precision must be non-negative"
更新:接下来是一个更完整的版本,感谢我收到的一些答案。
import qualified Text.Printf as T
showPercentage :: (Integral a, Show a) => a -> Double -> String
showPercentage digitsAfterComma fraction
| (digitsAfterComma >= 1) =
let formatString = "%." ++ (show digitsAfterComma) ++ "f%%"
in T.printf formatString percentage
| (digitsAfterComma == 0) =
let formatString = "%d%%"
in T.printf formatString (round percentage :: Int)
| otherwise = error "minimal precision must be non-negative"
where percentage = 100 * fraction
答案 0 :(得分:11)
> import Text.Printf
> printf "%.2f" 0.22324 :: String
"0.22"
您可以使用most format strings C's printf
supports。
但请记住,Haskell的printf
涉及一些复杂的类型类机制,并且可能会产生难以读取的类型错误。它也很通用,因为它也可以返回IO动作,即
> printf "%.2f" 0.22324 :: IO ()
0.22
不会返回字符串,而是直接打印它。我建议您在每次调用:: String
后始终添加类型注释(例如上面的printf
),除非从上下文中清楚了什么是返回类型(例如,带有其他IO操作的do
块。)
答案 1 :(得分:8)
printf
是可靠的,另一个值得了解的库是formatting(基于可爱的HoleyMonoid库):
Prelude Formatting> format ("to two decimal places: " % prec 2 % "!") 0.2222
"to two decimal places: 0.22!"
请注意formatting
类型安全,与printf
不同:
Prelude Text.Printf Formatting> :t printf "%.2f" "hi"
printf "%.2f" "hi" :: PrintfType t => t
Prelude Text.Printf Formatting> printf "%.2f" "hi"
*** Exception: printf: bad formatting char 'f'
Prelude Text.Printf Formatting> :t format (prec 2) "hi"
-- type error
答案 2 :(得分:1)
这里是显示用于表示百分比的浮点数的功能。它不包含%
符号,但是您可以在该符号之前添加。验证数字在0
和100
之间,因为此函数将对1e7
这样的数字产生不正确的结果。
showPercent :: Double -> Maybe Text
showPercent d
| d < 0 = Nothing
| d > 100 = Nothing
| otherwise = Just . pack $ f d
where
f x = reverse $ case reverse (show x) of
'0':'.':rest -> rest
rest -> rest
结果:
λ showPercent (-5)
Nothing
λ showPercent 0
Just "0"
λ showPercent 5
Just "5"
λ showPercent 10.5
Just "10.5"
λ showPercent 15.765
Just "15.765"
λ showPercent 35.123000000
Just "35.123"
λ showPercent 51.123000321000
Just "51.123000321"
λ showPercent 200
Nothing