Java线程(竞争条件)

时间:2015-08-20 12:47:43

标签: java multithreading race-condition

我对下面的代码有疑问。在这种情况下,我预计静态变量'a'和'b'都会出现竞争条件,并且期望两个变量的输出都小于1000.但是,当我执行下面的代码时,没有观察到预期的行为。显示,即b的输出总是1000.但是,当我取消注释用箭头标记的行并执行下面的代码时,观察到两个变量的竞争条件,即变量'a'和'b'的输出是少于1000.需要帮助。请原谅我,如果我错过了或忽略了线程的任何基本或基本概念,考虑到我仍然是java线程的新手!

public class SampleRace {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        SampleRace1 a = new SampleRace1();
        SampleRace1 b = new SampleRace1();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(a);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(b);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        try {
            t1.join();
            t2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //System.out.println(SamapleLoop.a); // <---------------------
        System.out.println(SampleRace1.b);
    }

}

class SamapleLoop {
    public static int a = 0;
    public static void loop() {
        a++;
    }
}

class SampleRace1 implements Runnable {
    public static int b = 0; 
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        for (int i = 1; i <= 500; i++) {
            //SamapleLoop.loop(); // <------------------------
            b++;
        }
    }

}

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

尝试将500增加到500.000.000,或在循环内执行更复杂的操作。在线程a开始之前,线程b有可能完成运行 - 因此它们最终按顺序运行,而不是并行运行。

你也可以每隔几个周期调用Thread.yield放弃你的时间片,让另一个线程运行。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

如果你想我可以提出更合适的竞争条件,你可以继续

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

/*
 * author: Atom Karinca
 */

/*
 * Run this program multiple times to see the output.
 * How does the result vary? Why does that happen?
 *
 */
class Racer extends Thread {    
    private static final int NUM_ITERS = 1000000;

    public void run() {
        for(int j = 0; j < NUM_ITERS; j++) {
            RaceCondition.sum();
        }
    }    
}

public class RaceCondition {
    public static long sum = 0;


    // What happens when you make this method "synchronized"?
    // Do you still see the bug?    
    //synchronized 
    public static void sum() {
        sum = sum + 1;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {        
        Racer leftAdder = new Racer();
        Racer rightAdder = new Racer();

        leftAdder.start();
        rightAdder.start();

        // wait for the threads to finish
        leftAdder.join();
        rightAdder.join();

        System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
    }
}