Python中的日期计算

时间:2010-07-07 10:58:10

标签: python datetime

我对Python比较陌生,我正在尝试编写以下日期计算函数

  • 查找指定日期时间/星期一的日期
  • 在指定的日期时间内找到该月的第一个非周末日
  • 在指定的日期时间内找到一年中的第一个非周末日
  • 在指定的日期时间内找到第N个[星期几]一个月

这是我到目前为止的尝试 - 如果逻辑可以改进(或纠正)为更多'Pythonic',请告诉我

import datetime

def find_month_first_monday(tstamp = datetime.today()):
    day_of_month = datetime.date.today().timetuple()[2]
    day_of_week = datetime.weekday(tstamp)
    # now I have the dow, and dom, I can index into a 2D array of
    # dates for the month - IF I knew how to get to that array ...


def find_first_gbd_in_month(tstamp = datetime.today()):
    # naive way would be to find the month and year from the passed in arg,
    # calculate the first day for that month/year and iterate until a non-weekend day
    # is found. Not elegant, there must be a better way
    pass


def find_first_gbd_in_year(tstamp = datetime.today()):
   # Ditto, as above.
    pass


def find_ndow_in_month(tstamp = datetime.today()):
    # again, I can get the month and the year from the passed in argument
    # what I need is a 2D array of dates for the month/year, so I can get
    # the nth dow (similar to reading off a calendar)
    pass

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

find_month_first_monday

我会使用不同的算法。首先,找到该月的第一天。

first_day_of_month = datetime.date.today().replace(day=1)

找到first_day_of_month的工作日,

week_day = first_day_of_month.weekday()

并在必要时添加天数。

if week_day:
  first_day_of_month += datetime.timedelta(days=7-week_day)

find_first_gbd_in_month

find_month_first_monday类似,但仅在week_day为5或6(星期六和星期日)时添加日期。

find_first_gbd_in_year

同时在month=1中提供.replace参数。

find_ndow_in_month

查找一周的第一天,然后添加n-1 weeks

答案 1 :(得分:4)

使用优秀的dateutil模块。用它做这个和其他日期计算非常容易。

一些例子:

import datetime
from dateutil import rrule
today = datetime.date.today()

本月的第一个周五,为期10个月:

print list(rrule.rrule(rrule.MONTHLY, count=10, byweekday=rrule.FR(1),
    dtstart=today)))

结果:

[datetime.datetime(2010, 8, 2, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2010, 9, 6, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2010, 10, 4, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2010, 11, 1, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2010, 12, 6, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 3, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2011, 2, 7, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2011, 3, 7, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2011, 4, 4, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2011, 5, 2, 0, 0)]

一年中的第一个星期一,为期3年:

print list(rrule.rrule(rrule.YEARLY, count=3, byweekday=rrule.MO(1),
    dtstart=datetime.date.today()))

结果:

[datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 3, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 2, 0, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 7, 0, 0)]