如何在Postgresql for C ++中准备语句和绑定参数

时间:2015-08-05 13:01:13

标签: c++ postgresql prepared-statement libpqxx

我对C++很新,对pqxx库有点了解。我想要实现的是准备语句和绑定参数。在PHP中,我习惯于以如此简洁的方式做到这一点:

$s = $db->prepare("SELECT id FROM mytable WHERE id = :id");
$s->bindParam(':id', $id);
$s->execute();

或使用令牌:

$data = array();
$data[] = 1;
$data[] = 2;
$s = $db->prepare("SELECT id FROM mytable WHERE id = ? or id = ?");
$s->execute($data);

我试图从pqxx documentation开始如何实现这一点,但对我来说,文档看起来像一团糟,缺少简短的例子(就像我上面提到的那样)。我希望在处理Postgresql中的C++时,有人也可以提供这样简单的例子(或者简单易懂 - 无需编写一些庞大的代码)。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:10)

一个简单的例子。这只打印id值为0的条目数。

#include<pqxx/pqxx>
#include<iostream>

int main()
{
    std::string name = "name";
    int id = 0;
    try {
        //established connection to data base
        pqxx::connection c("dbname=mydb user=keutoi");
        pqxx::work w(c);
        //statement template
        c.prepare("example", "SELECT id  FROM mytable WHERE id = $1");
        //invocation as in varible binding
        pqxx::result r = w.prepared("example")(id).exec();

        w.commit();
        //result handling for accessing arrays and conversions look at docs
        std::cout << r.size() << std::endl;
    }
    catch(const std::exception &e)
    {
        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

函数w.prepared()有点复杂。它类似于haskell中的curried(curry)函数,因为它接受一个参数并返回另一个函数,该函数又接受另一个参数。那种事。

文档说:

  

你如何传递这些参数? C ++没有很好的方法让你将无限的,可变数量的参数传递给函数调用,并且编译器不知道你将传递多少。有一个技巧:你可以将你从准备好的值作为一个函数处理,你调用它来传递一个参数。你从该通话中得到的内容再次相同,所以你可以再次调用它来传递另一个参数,依此类推。

     

以这种方式传递所有参数后,通过在调用上调用exec来调用带有参数的语句

如果有更多参数在prepare函数中使用$ 1 $ 2等等。

c.prepare("SELECT id name FROM mytable WHERE id = $1 AND name = $2")

并将varibles作为

w.prepared("example")(dollar1_var)(dollar2_var).exec()

动态准备的示例

#include<pqxx/pqxx>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>

//Just give a vector of data you can change the template<int> to any data type
pqxx::prepare::invocation& prep_dynamic(std::vector<int> data, pqxx::prepare::invocation& inv)
{
    for(auto data_val : data)
        inv(data_val);
    return inv;
}

int main()
{
    std::string name = "name";

    //a data array to be used.
    std::vector<int> ids;
    ids.push_back(0);
    ids.push_back(1);

    try {
        pqxx::connection c("dbname=mydb user=keutoi");
        pqxx::work w(c);

        c.prepare("example", "SELECT id  FROM mytable WHERE id = $1 or id = $2");
        pqxx::prepare::invocation w_invocation = w.prepared("example");

        //dynamic array preparation
        prep_dynamic(ids, w_invocation);
        //executing prepared invocation.
        pqxx::result r = w_invocation.exec();

        w.commit();

        std::cout << r.size() << std::endl;
    }
    catch(const std::exception &e)
    {
        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

如果要处理其他数据类型,请使用此函数定义

template<class T> pqxx::prepare::invocation& prep_dynamic(std::vector<T> data, pqxx::prepare::invocation& inv)
{
    for(auto data_val : data)
        inv(data_val);
    return inv;
}

答案 1 :(得分:0)

尽可能使用pqxx :: prepare :: invocation,并在执行之前绑定更多值,因为它更稳定且预防错误,但是我在下面描述的方法更快。

予。 通过调用:

pqxx::nontransaction W(C);
std::string m_insertCommand = "INSERT INTO tableforperftest(column1, column2) VALUES";


unsigned  int m_nCurrentRow = 32767;

for (size_t i = 0; i < m_nCurrentRow; i++)
{
    unsigned int countOf$ = i * 2;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
    {
        if (i == 0)
        {
            m_insertCommand += "(";
        }
        else
        {
            m_insertCommand += ", ";
        }
        m_insertCommand += "$";
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << countOf$ + i + 1;
        m_insertCommand += ss.str();
    }
   if(i < m_nCurrentRow - 1)
    m_insertCommand += ") ,";
}
m_insertCommand += ")";

C.prepare("insert_into_db", m_insertCommand);
pqxx::prepare::invocation inv = W.prepared("insert_into_db");

for (size_t i = 0; i < m_nCurrentRow; i++)
{
    inv(i)(i);
}

inv.exec();

II。 使用存储过程可以获得更多参数值:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION insertintoboosted(valuesforinsert TEXT) RETURNS VOID AS
$$ 
BEGIN
     EXECUTE 'INSERT INTO tableforperftestproof(column1, column2) VALUES (' || valuesforinsert || ')';
END;
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

代码:

for (size_t i = 0; i < m_nCurrentRow; i++)
{

    if (i == 0)
        ss  << i << "," << i;
    else
        ss << "(" << i << "," << i;

    if (i < m_nCurrentRow - 1)
        ss << "),";
}

C.prepare("prep2", "select insertintoboosted($1::text)");

W.prepared("prep2")(ss).exec();

III。 使用参数绑定和每次执行:

std::string m_insertCommand3 = "INSERT INTO tableforperftest(column1, column2) VALUES ($1, $2)";
C.prepare("insert_into_db3", m_insertCommand3);
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_nCurrentRow; i++)
{
    W.prepared("insert_into_db3")(i)(i).exec();
}

将解决方案与32767插入物进行比较:

Invocation:                              --> Elapsed:    0.250292s
Stored Proc:                             --> Elapsed:    0.154507s 
Parameter binding + execution each time: --> Elapsed:    29.5566s