为什么Gson在序列化时会忽略嵌套的泛型类型声明?
我试图让Gson使用我指定的编译时类型,而不是列表中的运行时类型的对象。我也在为A.java
使用抽象超类,但下面的例子也有同样的问题。
public class A {
public String foo;
}
public class B extends A {
public String bar;
}
public static void main( String[] args ) {
Gson gson = new Gson();
B b = new B();
b.foo = "foo";
b.bar = "bar";
List<A> list = new ArrayList<A>();
list.add(b);
System.out.println(gson.toJson(b, new TypeToken<A>(){}.getType()));
System.out.println(gson.toJson(b, new TypeToken<B>(){}.getType()));
System.out.println(gson.toJson(list, new TypeToken<List<A>>(){}.getType()));
System.out.println(gson.toJson(list, new TypeToken<List<B>>(){}.getType()));
}
输出:
{"foo":"foo"}
{"bar":"bar","foo":"foo"}
[{"bar":"bar","foo":"foo"}]
[{"bar":"bar","foo":"foo"}]
预期:
{"foo":"foo"}
{"bar":"bar","foo":"foo"}
[{"foo":"foo"}]
[{"bar":"bar","foo":"foo"}]
答案 0 :(得分:5)
如果您不关心原因并且只想修复,请滚动到底部。
Gson的默认CollectionTypeAdapterFactory
在称为TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper
的内容中包装了它的元素类型适配器。选择适当的适配器时,它使用the following priorities:
// Order of preference for choosing type adapters
// First preference: a type adapter registered for the runtime type
// Second preference: a type adapter registered for the declared type
// Third preference: reflective type adapter for the runtime type (if it is a sub class of the declared type)
// Fourth preference: reflective type adapter for the declared type
在这种情况下,第三个首选项是B
的适配器,第四个首选项是A的适配器。使用默认序列化程序时无法避免,因为{{3} }:
public Adapter(Gson context, Type elementType,
TypeAdapter<E> elementTypeAdapter,
ObjectConstructor<? extends Collection<E>> constructor) {
this.elementTypeAdapter =
new TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper<E>(context, elementTypeAdapter, elementType);
this.constructor = constructor;
}
不使用CollectionTypeAdapterFactory
时,此包装器不存在,这就是为什么它在前两个示例中不会发生。
解决此问题的唯一方法是注册自定义序列化程序。为A
编写一个将在您的用例中使用:
public class ATypeAdapter extends TypeAdapter<A> {
public A read(JsonReader reader) throws IOException {
if (reader.peek() == JsonToken.NULL) {
reader.nextNull();
return null;
}
reader.beginObject();
String name = reader.nextName();
if(!"foo".equals(name)) throw new JsonSyntaxException("Expected field named foo");
A a = new A();
a.foo = reader.nextString();
reader.endObject();
return a;
}
public void write(JsonWriter writer, A value) throws IOException {
if (value == null) {
writer.nullValue();
return;
}
writer.beginObject();
writer.name("foo");
writer.value(value.foo);
writer.endObject();
}
}
然后,如果你这样做:
public static void main( String[] args ) {
GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder();
builder.registerTypeAdapter(new TypeToken<A>(){}.getType(), new ATypeAdapter());
Gson gson = builder.create();
B b = new B();
b.foo = "foo";
b.bar = "bar";
List<A> list = new ArrayList<A>();
list.add(b);
System.out.println(gson.toJson(b, new TypeToken<A>(){}.getType()));
System.out.println(gson.toJson(b, new TypeToken<B>(){}.getType()));
System.out.println(gson.toJson(list, new TypeToken<List<A>>(){}.getType()));
System.out.println(gson.toJson(list, new TypeToken<List<B>>(){}.getType()));
}
您获得了预期的输出:
{"foo":"foo"}
{"bar":"bar","foo":"foo"}
[{"foo":"foo"}]
[{"bar":"bar","foo":"foo"}]