我有以下结构:
typedef struct generic_attribute_struct{
attribute_value current_value;
attribute_value previous_value;
attribute_value running_value;
} generic_attribute;
其中attribute_value
只是unsigned long long int
的占位符。
我有这个结构的以下构造函数:
generic_attribute* construct_generic_attribute(attribute_value current_value){
generic_attribute *ga_ptr; //allocate space for pointer to generic attribute
if(ga_ptr = malloc (sizeof (generic_attribute))){ //if allocation succeeds
set_ga_current_value(ga_ptr, current_value); //assigned the current value to given input
set_ga_previous_value(ga_ptr, 0); //set previous value to zero
set_ga_running_value(ga_ptr);
} else{ //else, inform user of error
fprintf(stderr, "Health Monitor ran out of space when allocating memory for a generic attribute.");
}
return ga_ptr; // return pointer to new attribute or a NULL pointer if memory allocation failed
}
set_ga_running_value
看起来像这样:
attribute_value set_ga_running_value(generic_attribute* ga_ptr){
attribute_value delta = get_ga_current_value(ga_ptr) - get_ga_previous_value(ga_ptr);
ga_ptr->running_value = (ga_ptr->running_value? ga_ptr->running_value : 0) + delta;
return ga_ptr->running_value;
}
此结构的析构函数如下所示:
void destroy_generic_attribute(generic_attribute** ga_ptr){
free(*ga_ptr);
}
我创建了一个测试,要求用户输入一些current_value,构造一个指针,并打印出结构变量的值是否应该是它们应该是什么。此测试循环直到用户不再需要测试,在这种情况下,他们退出测试。
所以,测试看起来像这样:
这就是测试的样子:
void test_generic_attribute_constructor_with_user_input(){
attribute_value input;
int continue_var;
bool current_value_test, previous_value_test, running_value_test, pointer_test;
generic_attribute* ga_ptr;
while(1){
printf("Would you like to execute a test for Generic Attribute Constructor? Type 1 for YES, or 0 for NO: ");
scanf("%i", &continue_var);
if(continue_var){
printf(TESTING, "Constructor for Generic Attribute and Generic Attribute Reader");
printf("\n" INPUT, "single number");
scanf("%lld", &input);
ga_ptr = construct_generic_attribute(input);
read_generic_attribute(ga_ptr);
current_value_test = (get_ga_current_value(ga_ptr) == input ? true : false);
previous_value_test = (get_ga_previous_value(ga_ptr) == 0 ? true: false);
// THIS TEST FAILS
running_value_test = (get_ga_running_value(ga_ptr) == input ? true: false);
pointer_test = (ga_ptr ? true: false);
printf("%s.\n", ((current_value_test && previous_value_test && running_value_test && pointer_test) ? PASS : FAIL));
destroy_generic_attribute(&ga_ptr);
}else{
printf("\nOK! Testing concluded.");
break;
}
}
}
我的问题是"运行价值"好像永远不会被重置"当ga_ptr被摧毁时它似乎保持其旧的价值。如何正确清除整个ga_ptr结构的内存?
测试结果:
Would you like to execute a test for Generic Attribute Constructor? Type 1 for YES, or 0 for NO: 1
Testing Constructor for Generic Attribute and Generic Attribute Reader:
Please enter single number for input: 10
Generic Attribute has the following contents:
Pointer Current Value Previos Value Running Value
0x600058530 10 0 10
PASS.
Would you like to execute a test for Generic Attribute Constructor? Type 1 for YES, or 0 for NO: 1
Testing Constructor for Generic Attribute and Generic Attribute Reader:
Please enter single number for input: 20
Generic Attribute has the following contents:
Pointer Current Value Previos Value Running Value
0x600058530 20 0 30
FAIL.
我希望Running值为20。
如果我将析构函数更改为:
void destroy_generic_attribute(generic_attribute** ga_ptr){
set_ga_current_value(*ga_ptr, 0);
set_ga_previous_value(*ga_ptr, 0);
(*ga_ptr)->running_value = 0;
free(*ga_ptr);
}
我的测试通过......但是,我不明白为什么跳过setter会导致代码失败。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您只是使用从未初始化的值来调用未定义的行为。
在construct_generic_attribute
中,您初始化当前值和上一个值,然后调用set_ga_running_value
。在后者中,您使用刚刚初始化的当前值和先前值来计算delta:罚款直到此处。但是你有:
ga_ptr->running_value = (ga_ptr->running_value? ga_ptr->running_value : 0) + delta;
表示在初始化之前使用running_value
。正如它在一个新的malloc结构中,它的值只是 undefined 。它可能是0,或者它可能是分配前在此内存位置中存在的值,或者它可能是编译器用作特殊初始化的特殊值:您无法知道并且不依赖于任何东西。
你的编译器似乎在运行时将内存预先初始化为0,然后永远不会更改free和malloc上的值,在第二次运行时给出30。我的(在调试模式下)总是将malloc的值初始化为0xcdcdcdcd,每次测试都给出FAIL。只是未定义的行为......
所以你真的应该在构造函数中初始化已刷新的已分配结构:
if(ga_ptr = malloc (sizeof (generic_attribute))){ //if allocation succeeds
memset(ga_ptr, 0, sizeof(generic_attribute)); // ensure all values are set to 0
set_ga_current_value(ga_ptr, current_value); //assigned the current value to given input
set_ga_previous_value(ga_ptr, 0); //set previous value to zero
set_ga_running_value(ga_ptr);
或者如果您知道running_value是一个整数,只需将memset
替换为:
ga_ptr->running_value = 0;