我有一种数据类型,其中一个字段是一个 n
个其他数据类型的列表(n
很小,且类型事先已知) 。我想制作一个JSON解析器,但我无法弄明白。我已经尝试创建一个Pet类类并使它们成为它的实例,但它似乎是一个死胡同。任何帮助将不胜感激!
作为一个简单的例子 - 我有一个Person
数据类型,可以有宠物列表,狗或猫 - 但不是两者兼而有之。
以下是示例:
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
import Control.Applicative
import Data.Aeson
import Data.ByteString.Lazy as L
import Data.Aeson.Types (Parser)
import Control.Monad (mzero)
data Person = Person {
name :: String,
species :: String,
pets :: [?] -- a list of dogs OR cats
} deriving Show
instance FromJSON (Person a) where
parseJSON (Object v) = ???
data Dog = Dog {
dogField :: String
} deriving Show
instance FromJSON Dog where
parseJSON (Object v) = Dog <$>
v .: "dogField"
data Cat = Cat {
catField :: String
} deriving Show
instance FromJSON Cat where
parseJSON (Object v) = Cat <$>
v .: "catField"
答案 0 :(得分:2)
表示一种或另一种类型的标准方法是使用Either
类型,例如:
data Person { ..., pets :: Either [Dog] [Cat] }
此外,您可能有兴趣使用GHC Generics自动派生To / FromJSON实例。
使用Either
的数据结构的示例:
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}
import Data.Aeson
import GHC.Generics
data Person = Person {
name :: String,
species :: String,
pets :: Either [String] [Int]
} deriving (Show,Generic)
instance ToJSON Person -- instances are auto-derived
instance FromJSON Person
doit = do
let me = Person "user5402" "Human" (Right [42])
print $ encode me
如果您有两个以上的选择,您可以轻松创建自己的总和类型:
-- assume the possible pet types are: Dog, Cat, Rodent, Reptile
data Pets = Dogs [Dog] | Cats [Cat] | Rodents [Rodent] | Reptiles [Reptile]
deriving (Show, Generic)
data Person { ..., pets :: Pets }
deriving (Show, Generic)
doit = do
let me = Person "user5402" "Human" (Rodents [agerbil, amouse])
print $ encode me
其中agerbil
和amouse
为Rodent
值。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
我正在修改@ user5402的答案,因为我不喜欢Generics添加的“tag”和“contents”字段。也接受了他的答案,因为他给了我关于如何构造总和类型的关键见解
instance FromJSON Pets where
parseJSON (Object o) = (parsePets o "pets")
parseJSON _ = mzero
parsePets :: Object -> T.Text -> Parser Pets
parsePets o key = case H.lookup key o of
Nothing -> fail $ "key " ++ show key ++ " not present"
Just v -> parseToCatsOrDogs (o .: "species") v
{-# INLINE parsePets #-}
parseToCatsOrDogs :: Parser String -> Value -> Parser Pets
parseToCatsOrDogs speciesParser (Array v) = speciesParser >>= \species -> case species of
"dog" -> (V.mapM (\x -> parseJSON $ x) v) >>= \ dogVector -> return $ Dogs (V.toList dogVector)
"cat" -> (V.mapM (\x -> parseJSON $ x) v) >>= \ catVector -> return $ Cats (V.toList catVector)
_ -> mzero
parseToCatsOrDogs _ _ = mzero