如何使用Java查询和过滤多个嵌套数组

时间:2015-07-24 21:10:41

标签: java mongodb mongodb-query aggregation-framework

我的目标是返回多个questionElements,其中questionElements metaTag条目等于我的搜索。例如。如果metaTag元素等于我的字符串,则返回它的父questionEntry元素并搜索嵌套在show中的所有元素。

所以我想要的是匹配包含所需" metaTags"的文档。值,AND"过滤"任何不包含此内部匹配的子文档数组

这是我作为$redact的聚合查询尝试过的,但它没有给出我想要的结果:

 db.mongoColl.aggregate([{"$redact":{"$cond": { if: {$gt:[ {"$size": {
 $setIntersection : [ { "$ifNull": [ "$metaTags", []]}, 
 ["MySearchString"]]} } , 0 ]} , then:"$$PRUNE",
 else:"$$DESCEND" }}}]).pretty();

我的背景是:

private DB mongoDatabase;
private DBCollection mongoColl;
private DBObject dbObject;

// Singleton class
// Create client (server address(host,port), credential, options)
    mongoClient = new MongoClient(new ServerAddress(host, port), 
            Collections.singletonList(credential),
            options);

mongoDatabase = ClientSingleton.getInstance().getClient().getDB("MyDB");

我要匹配的数据库中的文件是:

{
"show":[
  {
 "season":[
    {
       "episodes":[
          {
             "questionEntry":{
                "id":1,
                "info":{
                   "seasonNumber":1,
                   "episodeNumber":5,
                   "episodeName":"A Hero Sits Next Door"
                },
                "questionItem":{
                   "theQuestion":"What is the name of the ringer hired by Mr. Weed?",
                   "attachedElement":{
                      "type":1,
                      "value":""
                   }
                },
                "options":[
                   {
                      "type":1,
                      "value":"Johnson"
                   },
                   {
                      "type":1,
                      "value":"Hideo"
                   },
                   {
                      "type":1,
                      "value":"Guillermo"
                   }
                ],
                "answer":{
                   "questionId":1,
                   "answer":3
                },
                "metaTags":[
                   "Season 1",
                   "Episode 5",
                   "Trivia",
                   "Arya Stark",
                   "House Stark"
                ]
             }
          }
       ]
    }
 ]
}
]
}

但是,如果文档中的任何数组不包含" metaTags"要匹配的值,即Arya Stark",然后我不希望该数组中的任何元素在结果中完全匹配。 " metaTags"可以保持原样。

我正在运行最新的java驱动程序并在Eclipse中使用java SE1.7编译器,如果这对响应有任何影响。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

$redact运算符实际上并不是最好的选择,或者逻辑很简单,是尝试查询无效的主要原因。 “redaction”选项在单个特定条件下几乎是“全有或全无”过程,并且该条件可用于$$DESCEND,因此遍历文档的级别。

最好通过转换不存在编码字段的值来获得大量“误报”。在最坏的情况下,你最终删除整个文档,而不是它可以匹配。它有它的用途,但这不是其中之一。

首先根据您的结构简化样本。这主要是为了能够将我们想要从内容中过滤的内容可视化:

{
  "show": [
    { 
      "name": "Game of Thrones",
      "season": [
        {
          "_id": 1,
          "episodes": [
            {
              "_id": 1,
              "metaTags": [
                "Arya Stark"
              ]
            },
            { 
               "_id": 2,
               "metaTags": [
                 "John Snow"
               ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "_id": 2,
          "episodes": [
            {
              "_id": 1,
              "metaTags": [
                "Arya Stark"
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Seinfeld",
      "season": [
        {
          "_id": 1,
          "episodes": [
            {
              "_id": 1,
              "metaTags": [
                "Jerry Seinfeld"
              ]
            }
          ]   
        }
      ]
    } 
  ]
}

有两种方法可以在这里获得结果。首先使用$unwind来使用$match进行传统方法,然后使用$group和条件表达式进行过滤,当然还有几个$map次操作阶段,以便重建阵列:

db.sample.aggregate([
  { "$match": {
    "show.season.episodes.metaTags": "Arya Stark"
  }},
  { "$unwind": "$show" },
  { "$unwind": "$show.season" },
  { "$unwind": "$show.season.episodes" },
  { "$unwind": "$show.season.episodes.metaTags" },
  { "$group": {
    "_id": {
      "_id": "$_id",
      "show": {
        "name": "$show.name",
        "season": {
          "_id": "$show.season._id",
          "episodes": {
            "_id": "$show.season.episodes._id",
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "metaTags": { "$push": "$show.season.episodes.metaTags" },
    "matched": {
      "$sum": {
        "$cond": [
          { "$eq": [ "$show.season.episodes.metaTags", "Arya Stark" ] },
          1,
          0              
        ]
      }
    }
  }},
  { "$sort": { "_id._id": 1, "_id.show.season.episodes._id": 1 } },
  { "$group": {
    "_id": {
      "_id": "$_id._id",
      "show": {
        "name": "$_id.show.name",
        "season": {
          "_id": "$_id.show.season._id",
        },
      }
    },
    "episodes": {
      "$push": {
        "$cond": [
          { "$gt": [ "$matched", 0 ] },
          {
            "_id": "$_id.show.season.episodes._id",
            "metaTags": "$metaTags"
          },
          false
        ]             
      }
    }
  }},
  { "$unwind": "$episodes" },
  { "$match": { "episodes": { "$ne": false } } },
  { "$group": {
    "_id": "$_id",
    "episodes": { "$push": "$episodes" }
  }},
  { "$sort": { "_id._id": 1, "_id.show.season._id": 1 } },
  { "$group": {
    "_id": {
      "_id": "$_id._id",
      "show": {
        "name": "$_id.show.name"
      }
    },
    "season": {
      "$push": {
        "_id": "$_id.show.season._id",
        "episodes": "$episodes"
      }
    }
  }},
  { "$group": {
    "_id": "$_id._id",
    "show": {
      "$push": {
        "name": "$_id.show.name",
        "season": "$season"
      }
    }
  }}
])

这一切都很好,很容易理解。但是在这里使用$unwind的过程会产生很多开销,特别是当我们只讨论文档本身的过滤,而不是跨文档进行任何分组时。

对此有一种现代的方法,但要注意的是,虽然效率很高,但它是一个绝对的“怪物”,在处理嵌入式数组时很容易迷失在逻辑中:

db.sample.aggregate([
  { "$match": {
    "show.season.episodes.metaTags": "Arya Stark"
  }},
  { "$project": {
    "show": {
      "$setDifference": [
        { "$map": {
          "input": "$show",
          "as": "show",
          "in": {
            "$let": {
              "vars": {
                "season": {
                  "$setDifference": [
                    { "$map": {
                      "input": "$$show.season",
                      "as": "season",
                      "in": {
                        "$let": {
                          "vars": {
                            "episodes": {
                              "$setDifference": [
                                { "$map": {
                                  "input": "$$season.episodes",
                                  "as": "episode",
                                  "in": {
                                    "$cond": [
                                      { "$setIsSubset": [
                                        "$$episode.metaTags",
                                        ["Arya Stark"]
                                      ]},
                                      "$$episode",
                                      false
                                    ]
                                  }
                                }},
                                [false]
                              ]
                            }
                          },
                          "in": {
                            "$cond": [
                              { "$ne": [ "$$episodes", [] ] },
                              {
                                "_id": "$$season._id", 
                                "episodes": "$$episodes"
                              },
                              false
                            ]
                          }
                        }
                      }
                    }},
                    [false]
                  ]
                }
              },
              "in": {
                "$cond": [
                  { "$ne": ["$$season", [] ] },
                  {
                    "name": "$$show.name",
                    "season": "$$season"
                  },
                  false
                ]
              }
            }
          }
        }},
        [false]
      ]
    }
  }}
]) 

对于每个数组,有$let和每个级别以及$setDifference的变量声明都有很多数组处理,因为我们都是通过$project“过滤”内容和测试空数组。

在初始查询匹配后使用单个管道$setIsSubset,这比前一个过程快得多。

两者都产生相同的过滤结果:

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("55b3455e64518e494632fa16"),
    "show" : [
        {
            "name" : "Game of Thrones",
            "season" : [
                {
                    "_id" : 1,
                    "episodes" : [
                       {
                           "_id" : 1,
                           "metaTags" : [
                               "Arya Stark"
                           ]
                       }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "_id" : 2,
                    "episodes" : [
                        {
                            "_id" : 1,
                            "metaTags" : [
                                "Arya Stark"
                            ]
                        }
                    ]
               }
           ]
       }
    ]
}

所有“show”,“season”和“episodes”数组都完全过滤了与内部“metaTags”条件不匹配的任何文档。 “metaTags”数组本身不受影响,仅通过BSON Document进行匹配测试,实际上只是为了过滤不匹配的“episodes”数组内容。

将其转换为使用是Java驱动程序是一个相当直接的过程,因为这只是对象和列表的数据结构表示。在同一个wat中,您只需使用标准列表和enter image description here对象在Java中构建相同的结构。但它基本上都是列表和地图语法:

MongoDatabase db = mongoClient.getDatabase("test");

MongoCollection<Document> collection = db.getCollection("sample");

String searchString = new String("Arya Stark");

List<Document> pipeline = Arrays.<Document>asList(
  new Document("$match",
    new Document("show.season.episodes.metaTags",searchString)
  ),
  new Document("$project",
    new Document("show",
      new Document("$setDifference",
        Arrays.<Object>asList(
          new Document("$map",
            new Document("input","$show")
              .append("as","show")
              .append("in",
                new Document("$let",
                  new Document("vars",
                    new Document("season",
                      new Document("$setDifference",
                        Arrays.<Object>asList(
                          new Document("$map",
                            new Document("input","$$show.season")
                              .append("as","season")
                              .append("in",
                                new Document("$let",
                                  new Document("vars",
                                    new Document("episodes",
                                      new Document("$setDifference",
                                        Arrays.<Object>asList(
                                          new Document("$map",
                                            new Document("input","$$season.episodes")
                                              .append("as","episode")
                                              .append("in",
                                                new Document("$cond",
                                                  Arrays.<Object>asList(
                                                    new Document("$setIsSubset",
                                                      Arrays.<Object>asList(
                                                        "$$episode.metaTags",
                                                        Arrays.<Object>asList(searchString)
                                                      )
                                                    ),
                                                    "$$episode",
                                                    false
                                                  )
                                                )
                                              )
                                          ),
                                          Arrays.<Object>asList(false)
                                        )
                                      )
                                    )
                                  )
                                    .append("in",
                                      new Document("$cond",
                                        Arrays.<Object>asList(
                                          new Document("$ne",
                                            Arrays.<Object>asList(
                                              "$$episodes",
                                              Arrays.<Object>asList()
                                            )
                                          ),
                                          new Document("_id","$$season._id")
                                            .append("episodes","$$episodes"),
                                          false
                                        )
                                      )
                                    )
                                )
                              )
                          ),
                          Arrays.<Object>asList(false)
                        )
                      )
                    )
                  )
                    .append("in",
                      new Document("$cond",
                        Arrays.<Object>asList(
                          new Document("$ne",
                            Arrays.<Object>asList(
                              "$$season",
                              Arrays.<Object>asList()
                            )
                          ),
                          new Document("name","$$show.name")
                            .append("season","$$season"),
                          false
                        )
                      )
                    )
                )
              )
          ),
          Arrays.<Object>asList(false)
        )
      )
    )
  )
);

System.out.println(JSON.serialize(pipeline));

AggregateIterable<Document> result = collection.aggregate(pipeline);

MongoCursor<Document> cursor = result.iterator();

while (cursor.hasNext()) {
  Document doc = cursor.next();
  System.out.println(doc.toJson());
}

如前所述,这是语法的“怪物”,它应该能够深入了解处理文档中多级嵌套数组的难度。除了单元数组之外的任何东西都很难处理,并且由于位置运算符的限制,基本上不可能执行原子更新。

所以这将起作用,你真的只需要添加“metaTags”嵌入在“questionEntry”对象中。所以用“questionEntry.metaTags”代替那里的任何东西。但是,您可以考虑从此表单中更改模式,以便在大量编码和维护中使生活更轻松,并使事物可用于原子更新。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

您可以使用以下代码进行汇总:

mongoClient = new MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27017);
DB db = mongoClient.getDB("db_name");
DBCollection dbCollection = db.getCollection("collection_name");

//make aggregation pipeline here
List<DBObject> pipeline = new ArrayList<DBObject>();

AggregationOutput output = dbCollection.aggregate(pipeline);
List<DBObject> results = (List<DBObject>) output.results();
//iterate this list and cast DBObject to your POJO

您可以DBObject投降至POJO或使用以下方法从DBObject获取价值:

dbObject.get("key");
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