如何在退出时阻止python释放ctypes回调?

时间:2015-07-24 14:51:47

标签: python callback ctypes atexit

假设我有ctypes加载的以下共享库。它允许您注册在程序退出时或在您自己调用它时调用的回调:

#include <stdlib.h>
static void (*callback)(void);

void invoke_callback(void)
{
    callback();
}

void set_callback(void (*new_callback)(void))
{
    callback = new_callback;
}

void init(void)
{
    atexit(invoke_callback);
}

然后假设我通过ctypes

的魔力加载了这个库
import ctypes
shared = ctypes.CDLL('./test.so')

#a callback function
def callback():
    print "callback invoked"

#register functions to run at exit
shared.init()
#set the callback function to invoke
shared.set_callback(ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None)(callback))
#invoke the callback function
shared.invoke_callback()

#...callback also invoked here, right?

我希望它的输出类似于以下内容:

callback invoked
callback invoked

对我来说不幸的是,它看起来有点像这样:

callback invoked
Segmentation fault

为什么这样,你问?好吧,似乎在调用atexit函数时,python解释器已经取消分配以前包含回调的内存:

(gdb) backtrace
#0  0x000000000049b11d in ?? () <- uh-oh
#1  0x000000000046d245 in ?? () <- ctypes' wrapper?
#2  0x00007ffff6b554a9 in ?? () <- ctypes
   from /usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_ctypes.x86_64-linux-gnu.so
#3  0x00007ffff6944baf in ffi_closure_unix64_inner ()
   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libffi.so.6
#4  0x00007ffff6944f28 in ffi_closure_unix64 ()
   from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libffi.so.6
#5  0x00007ffff673e71d in invoke_callback () at test.c:6 <- me
#6  0x00007ffff6f2abc9 in __run_exit_handlers (status=0, 
    listp=0x7ffff72965a8 <__exit_funcs>, 
    run_list_atexit=run_list_atexit@entry=true) at exit.c:82
#7  0x00007ffff6f2ac15 in __GI_exit (status=<optimized out>) at exit.c:104
#8  0x00007ffff6f14b4c in __libc_start_main (main=0x497d80 <main>, argc=2, 
    argv=0x7fffffffe408, init=<optimized out>, fini=<optimized out>, 
    rtld_fini=<optimized out>, stack_end=0x7fffffffe3f8) at libc-start.c:321
#9  0x0000000000497ca0 in _start ()

现在,我的问题。我实际上试图绑定到一个较大的C代码库(我无法修改),其中包含在退出时调用的几个回调。当测试程序退出时,这些当前导致分段错误。是否可以防止这种情况发生?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

我可能在这里参加聚会很晚,但是最近遇到了类似的问题。基本上,回调是由Python进行垃圾回收的。如果您这样做:

callback_type = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None)
wrapped_callback = callback_type(callback)
shared.set_callback(wrapped_callback)

它应该解决段错误。