解释并显示ruby中电子邮件正文的不同编码：

时间：2015-07-23 10:32:20

标签： ruby encoding character-encoding html-email

我在rails应用中使用Email gem，但我遇到了一些编码问题：

我正在研究一种以这种方式呈现的邮件：

....
Message-ID: <22D41F1A16CD5A5719309A96F8C95D50@vcrfnyjsz>
From: "=?utf-8?B?IOWFqOWbvealvOWHpOWFvOiBjOWwj+WnkOS/oeaBrw==?=" <info@nks-media.ru>
To: ...
...
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/html;
    charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
X-Priority: 5
X-MSMail-Priority: Low
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2900.5512
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5512

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（我省略了不是固有的部分）

我使用Net :: IMAP类ruby将其作为字符串传递给

Email.read_from_string

宝石的方法。

它给我一个对象，称之为msg。我现在打电话给msg.body并得到这个答案：

<Mail::Body:0x007f0045976ea8 @boundary=nil, @preamble=nil, @epilogue=nil, @charset="US-ASCII", @part_sort_order=["text/plain", "text/enriched", "text/html"], @parts=[], @raw_source="PCFET0NUWVBFIEhUTUwgUFVCTElDICItLy9XM0MvL0RURCBIVE1MIDQuMCBUcmFuc2l0aW9uYWwv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\r\nRk9OVD48L0ZPTlQ+PC9CT0RZPjwvSFRNTD4NCg==\r\n\r\n\r\n", @encoding="base64">

所以一切似乎都是对的。

我做：

msg.body.encoding # return "Base64"

再次正确，但在这里奇怪，当我这样做时：

msg.body.only_us_ascii? # return True

这不应该是假的吗？电子邮件标题中的内容类型为＆＃39; utf-8＆＃39;。 事实上，如果我尝试做

msg.body.decoded

这是：

"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\">\r\n<HTML xmlns:o = \"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\"><HEAD>\r\n<META content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=Content-Type>\r\n<META name=GENERATOR content=\"MSHTML 8.00.6001.23588\"></HEAD>\r\n<BODY bgColor=aqua>\r\n<P><FONT color=gray size=6>\xE5\x85\xA8\xE5\x9B\xBD\xE5\xB0\x8F\xE5\xA7\x90\xE4\xBF\xA1\xE6\x81\xAF\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE5\xAD\xA6\xE7\x94\x9F\xE5\xA6\xB9\xE4\xBF\xA1\xE6\x81\xAF\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE6\xA5\xBC\xE5\x87\xA4\xE5\x85\xBC\xE8\x81\x8C\xE5\xA5\xB3\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE8\x89\xAF\xE5\xAE\xB6\xE4\xBF\xA1\xE6\x81\xAF\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE5\x85\xBC\xE8\x81\x8C\xE4\xBF\xA1\xE6\x81\xAF\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE5\xA4\xA7\xE4\xBF\x9D\xE5\x81\xA5\xE4\xBF\xA1\xE6\x81\xAF</FONT></P>\r\n<P><FONT style=\"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #00ffff\" color=#00ffff size=6><A \r\nhref=\"http://www.hnhn.club/xinxi.htm\">hthttp://www.hnhn.club/xinxi.htmhttp://www.hnhn.club/xinxi.htm</A></FONT></P>\r\n<P><FONT style=\"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #00ffff\" color=#00ffff \r\nsize=6></FONT>&nbsp;</P>\r\n<P><FONT color=#808080 size=6><FONT size=6><FONT style=\"BACKGROUND-COLOR: aqua\" \r\ncolor=aqua>\xE4\xBA\xBA\xE5\x8F\xAF\xE4\xBB\xA5\xE6\x8A\xA2\xE8\xB5\xB0\xE4\xBB\x96\xE5\x94\xAF\xE4\xB8\x80\xE6\x83\xB3\xE8\xA6\x81\xE7\x9A\x84\xE5\xA5\xB3\xE4\xBA\xBA\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE5\xA5\xB9\xE5\x8F\xAA\xE8\x83\xBD\xE5\xB1\x9E\xE4\xBA\x8E\xE4\xBB\x96\xE3\x80\x82</FONT></P>\r\n<P><FONT size=6><FONT style=\"BACKGROUND-COLOR: aqua\" \r\ncolor=aqua>\xE3\x80\x80\xE3\x80\x80\xE6\x96\xB9\xE7\x93\xB7\xE9\x97\xAD\xE4\xB8\x8A\xE7\x9C\xBC\xE6\xB7\xB1\xE5\x90\xB8\xE4\xBA\x86\xE4\xB8\x80\xE5\x8F\xA3\xE6\xB0\x94\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE7\x84\xB6\xE5\x90\x8E\xE5\xB0\x86\xE5\xA5\xB9\xE7\x9A\x84\xE6\x95\xB4\xE4\xB8\xAA\xE8\x84\xB8\xE5\x9F\x8B\xE5\x9C\xA8\xE8\x83\xB8\xE5\x89\x8D\xE3\x80\x82\xE4\xBB\x96\xE8\x8E\xAB\xE6\x89\x8E\xE7\x89\xB9\xE7\x9A\x84\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE8\xBF\x99\xE4\xB8\xAA\xE5\xA6\x96\xE5\xAD\xBD\xEF\xBC\x81\xE7\x9B\xB4\xE6\x8E\xA5\xE9\x97\xB7\xE6\xAD\xBB\xE5\xBE\x97\xE4\xBA\x86\xEF\xBC\x81</FONT></P>\r\n<P><FONT size=6><FONT style=\"BACKGROUND-COLOR: aqua\" \r\ncolor=aqua>        \xE6\xB8\x85\xE6\xBA\x9F\xE6\x88\x91\xE7\x9F\xA5\xE9\x81\x93\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE6\x98\xAF\xE9\x82\xA3\xE5\x8F\xAA\xE5\xAE\x9E\xE5\x8A\x9B\xE5\xB9\xB3\xE5\xB9\xB3\xE7\x9A\x84\xE8\x85\xBE\xE8\x9B\x87\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE7\xA9\x86\xE8\x8D\xBB\xE5\x8F\x88\xE6\x98\xAF\xE8\xB0\x81\xE5\x95\x8A\xEF\xBC\x9F\xE6\x98\xAF\xE4\xBB\x96\xE5\x90\x8E\xE6\x9D\xA5\xE6\x94\xB6\xE6\x9C\x8D\xE7\x9A\x84\xE5\xA6\x96\xE9\xAD\x94\xE5\x90\x97\xEF\xBC\x9F</FONT></P>\r\n<P><FONT size=6><FONT style=\"BACKGROUND-COLOR: aqua\" \r\ncolor=aqua>    \xE5\x85\xAD\xE9\x81\x93\xE5\x98\xB4\xE8\xA7\x92\xE6\xB5\xAE\xE5\x87\xBA\xE4\xB8\x80\xE6\x8A\xB9\xE8\xAF\xA1\xE5\xBC\x82\xE9\x98\xB4\xE6\xA3\xAE\xE7\x9A\x84\xE7\xAC\x91\xE6\x84\x8F\xEF\xBC\x9A\xE2\x80\x9C\xE6\x8D\x85\xE7\xA0\xB4\xE5\xA4\xA9\xE3\x80\x82\xE2\x80\x9D</FONT></P>\r\n<P><FONT size=6><FONT style=\"BACKGROUND-COLOR: aqua\" \r\ncolor=aqua>    \xE2\x80\x9C\xE9\x82\xA3\xE5\xA5\xB9\xE6\x80\x8E\xE4\xB9\x88\xE4\xBC\x9A\xE9\x94\x99\xE4\xBA\x86\xE9\x97\xA8\xEF\xBC\x9F\xE6\x97\xA2\xE7\x84\xB6\xE6\x9C\x89\xE4\xB8\x80\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE6\x88\x91\xE6\x80\x8E\xE4\xB9\x88\xE8\x83\xBD\xE4\xB8\x8D\xE8\xAE\xA4\xE4\xB8\xBA\xE8\xBF\x98\xE4\xBC\x9A\xE6\x9C\x89\xE4\xBA\x8C\xEF\xBC\x9F\xE5\xA6\x82\xE6\x9E\x9C\xE6\x88\x91\xE8\xAF\xB4\xE4\xBD\xA0\xE7\x8E\xB0\xE5\x9C\xA8\xE6\xAD\xA3\xE5\xA4\x84\xE4\xBA\x8E\xE5\xA4\xB4\xE8\x84\x91\xE6\xB7\xB7\xE4\xB9\xB1\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE6\x80\x9D\xE8\xB7\xAF\xE4\xB8\x8D\xE6\xB8\x85\xE7\x9A\x84\xE7\x8A\xB6\xE6\x80\x81\xE4\xB8\x8D\xE8\xBF\x87\xE5\x88\x86\xE5\x90\xA7\xEF\xBC\x9F\xE2\x80\x9D\xE5\xB9\xB4\xE8\xBD\xBB\xE6\xB0\x91\xE8\xAD\xA6\xE9\x97\xAE\xE7\x99\xBD\xE4\xB8\xBD\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE7\x99\xBD\xE4\xB8\xBD\xE7\x82\xB9\xE5\xA4\xB4\xE6\x89\xBF\xE8\xAE\xA4\xE3\x80\x82</FONT></P>\r\n<P><FONT size=6><FONT style=\"BACKGROUND-COLOR: aqua\" \r\ncolor=aqua>    \xE6\x9E\x97\xE5\x8D\x97\xE6\x9C\xAC\xE5\xB0\xB1\xE6\x98\xAF\xE7\x9B\x97\xE7\x94\xA8\xE4\xBA\x86\xE5\x90\x8E\xE4\xBA\xBA\xE7\x9A\x84\xE7\x9F\xA5\xE8\xAF\x86\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE6\x89\x80\xE4\xBB\xA5\xE4\xB9\x9F\xE6\xB2\xA1\xE4\xBB\x80\xE4\xB9\x88\xE5\x8F\xAF\xE9\xAA\x84\xE5\x82\xB2\xE7\x9A\x84\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE4\xBE\xBF\xE7\xAC\x91\xE7\x9D\x80\xE4\xBB\xA4\xE4\xBC\x97\xE4\xBA\xBA\xE5\xB9\xB3\xE8\xBA\xAB\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE5\x8F\x88\xE5\xAF\xB9\xE9\xAD\x8F\xE5\xBE\x81\xE9\x97\xAE\xE9\x81\x93\xEF\xBC\x9A\xE2\x80\x9C\xE9\xAD\x8F\xE5\x8D\xBF\xE5\xAE\xB6\xE5\x9C\xA8\xE6\x9C\x9D\xE5\xA0\x82\xE4\xB9\x8B\xE4\xB8\x8A\xE4\xB8\x93\xE9\x97\xAE\xE6\xAD\xA4\xE4\xBA\x8B\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE6\x83\xB3\xE6\x9D\xA5\xE5\xBF\x85\xE6\x98\xAF\xE6\x9C\x89\xE4\xBB\x80\xE4\xB9\x88\xE6\xB7\xB1\xE6\x84\x8F\xE7\xBD\xA2\xEF\xBC\x9F\xE2\x80\x9D</FONT></P>\r\n<P><FONT style=\"BACKGROUND-COLOR: aqua\" color=aqua \r\nsize=6>\xE3\x80\x80\xE3\x80\x80</FONT></P></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></BODY></HTML>\r\n"

不是我所期望的utf-8，而是ASCII-8BIT，我不知道如何使用它，或者在浏览器中看到它。

任何帮助？

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：0)

它是Base64，由msg.body.encoding揭示。我不是电子邮件格式的专家，但我猜想在你的粘贴中没有包含的某些标题中显示了正文的Base64性质。 （毕竟 data = Base64.decode(msg.body) 必须从某个地方获取它）。

Base64实际上并不像UTF-8那样是字符编码。而是将二进制数据转换为ascii。

我认为很不幸的是，电子邮件宝石并没有为您解决这个问题。

但如果您拥有的是Base64，则可以使用stdlib Base64类对其进行解码。 

{{1}}

但是，如果它首先是Base64编码，那么另一方出来的可能不是纯文本，而是某种二进制文件格式（MS Word文档？我不知道），所以可能仍然没有意义即使解码也直接读取

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