在全新安装期间,我意外地格式化了包含数据的磁盘。我尝试过使用一些工具:testdisk,最重要的是,但我没有得到好的结果。 (请参阅超级用户my unsuccessful post)。
所以我决定阅读一些关于ext2 filesystem structure的文档,我可以得到一些结果:
已删除的分区有一个类似的目录树:
dev
|-scripts
|-projects
|-services
|-...
Medias
|-downloads
|-Musique
|-...
backup
...
因此,基于ext2目录条目格式:
Directory Entry
Starting_Byte Ending_Byte Size_in_Bytes Field_Description
0 3 4 Inode
4 5 2 Total size of this entry (Including all subfields)
6 6 1 Name Length least-significant 8 bits
7 7 1 Type indicator (only if the feature bit for "directory entries have file type byte" is set, else this is the most-significant 8 bits of the Name Length)
8 8+N-1 N Name characters
我试图找到一些与这种结构相匹配的数据 我用过这个脚本:
var bindexOf = require('buffer-indexof');
var currentOffset=0;
var deviceReadStream = fs.createReadStream("/dev/sdb");
deviceReadStream.on('error',function(err){
console.log(err);
});
deviceReadStream.on('data',function(data){
var dirs = ["dev","scripts","services","projects","Medias","downloads","Musique","backup"];
dirs.forEach(function(dir){
dirOctetFormat = new Buffer(2);
dirOctetFormat.writeUInt8(dir.length,0);
dirOctetFormat.writeUInt8(2,1);// type is directory
dirOctetFormat= Buffer.concat( [dirOctetFormat, new Buffer(dir)]);
var offset = bindexOf( data, dirOctetFormat );
if( offset >= 0 ){
console.log( dir + " entry found at offset " + (currentOffset + offset) );
}
});
currentOffset += data.length;
});
}
我发现数据似乎是dev目录的目录条目:
===== Current offset: 233590226944 - 217.5478515625Gio ======
scripts entry found at offset 233590227030
services entry found at offset 233590227014
projects entry found at offset 233590228106
如果是这样,我得到了其子目录的inode编号:脚本,项目,服务......
但我不知道该怎么做! 我试图根据this guide推断出这些inode的位置, 但由于我无法找到已删除文件系统的超级块,我只需要猜测块大小,块数,...... 希望获得结果对我来说似乎有点模糊。
那么你可以为获得inode的偏移所需的所有值设置一些间隔,以及获得这种偏移的更正式的公式吗?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
如果您只删除了分区表(或修改了分区表),您仍然可以获取数据,如果数据尚未被重复用于其他内容。
ext2文件系统在超级块中有一个MAGIC编号,因此要恢复您的分区,您只需要搜索它。我在一台机器上执行了此操作,并且能够在一个磁盘中恢复不是一个,而是七个分区。你有机会得到无效的数字,但只是寻找那个魔法。幻数在include/uapi/linux/magic.h
中定义,值为#define EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC 0xEF53
(在偏移#define EXT2_SB_MAGIC_OFFSET 0x38
找到它---来自文件include/linux/ext2_fs.h
)
要搜索超级块,只需尝试在磁盘的一个扇区中的偏移0xef53
处找到0x38
,它将标记该分区的第一个块。请注意,超级块在一个分区中被复制多次,因此您可以找到它的所有副本。
只需在我自己的分区中查看幻数:
# hd /dev/sda3 | head -20
00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000400 40 62 08 00 00 87 21 00 26 ad 01 00 f6 30 15 00 |@b....!.&....0..|
00000410 1d 31 08 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.1..............|
00000420 00 80 00 00 00 80 00 00 90 1f 00 00 cf 60 af 55 |.............`.U|
00000430 fc 8a af 55 2d 00 ff ff 53 ef 01 00 01 00 00 00 |...U-...S.......|<- HERE!!!
00000440 36 38 9d 55 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 |68.U............|
00000450 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 3c 00 00 00 |............<...|
00000460 46 02 00 00 7b 00 00 00 5a bf 87 15 12 8f 44 3b |F...{...Z.....D;|
00000470 97 e7 f3 74 4d 75 69 12 72 6f 6f 74 00 00 00 00 |...tMui.root....|
00000480 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2f 00 61 72 67 65 74 00 |......../.arget.|
00000490 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
000004c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 18 02 |................|
000004d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000004e0 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 93 54 99 ab |.............T..|
000004f0 aa 64 46 b3 a6 73 94 34 a3 79 46 28 01 01 00 00 |.dF..s.4.yF(....|
00000500 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e5 61 92 55 0a f3 02 00 |.........a.U....|
00000510 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 7f 00 00 |................|
00000520 00 80 10 00 ff 7f 00 00 01 00 00 00 ff ff 10 00 |................|
记住它是从块原点开始计算的偏移量0x38
,并假设超级块是第二个块(为引导码保留的块0,因此它将是块1,每个块有两个扇区)分区中的1k blocksize),因此您必须从幻数的开头倒回0x438
个字节以获得分区原点。
我在整个磁盘上运行命令,得到以下结果:
# hd /dev/sda | grep " [0-9a-f][0-9a-f] 53 ef" | sed -e 's/^/ /' | head
006f05f0 ee 00 00 11 66 0a 00 00 53 ef 00 00 11 66 2d 00 |....f...S....f-.|
007c21d0 55 2a aa 7d f4 aa 89 55 53 ef a4 91 70 40 c1 00 |U*.}...US...p@..|
20100430 fc 8a af 55 2d 00 ff ff 53 ef 01 00 01 00 00 00 |...U-...S.......|
2289a910 0f 8f 4f 03 00 00 81 fe 53 ef 00 00 0f 84 ce 04 |..O.....S.......|
230d4c70 0a 00 00 00 1c 00 00 00 53 ef 01 00 00 00 00 00 |........S.......|
231b7e50 a0 73 07 00 00 00 00 00 53 ef 0d 00 00 00 00 00 |.s......S.......|
23dbd230 d5 08 ad 2b ee 71 07 8a 53 ef c2 89 d4 bb 09 1f |...+.q..S.......|
25c0c9e0 06 00 00 00 00 4f 59 c0 53 ef 32 c0 0e 00 00 00 |.....OY.S.2.....|
25d72ca0 b0 b4 7b 3d a4 f7 84 3b 53 ef ba 3c 1f 32 b9 3c |..{=...;S..<.2.<|
25f0eab0 f1 fd 02 be 28 59 67 3c 53 ef 9c bd 04 30 72 bd |....(Yg<S....0r.|
显然,这个列表中的无趣线条比我们需要的线条要多得多。为了找到一个有趣的,我们必须用数字进行一些计算。我们已经看到扇区是512字节长(这是十六进制的0x200
)我们可以在偏移0x438
处获得超级块魔法,因此我们希望有效偏移仅在0xXXXXXX[02468ace]38
。只需选择具有以该表达式结尾的偏移的行,然后您将获得第一个超级块(在第三行中)在偏移0x20100430
处有效。
减去0x430
以给出分区的字节偏移量0x20100000
,然后将结果除以0x200
,得到0x100800
或1050624
)
# fdisk -l /dev/sda | sed -e 's/^/ /'
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: DF97DAD4-727D-4BB3-BD7B-3C5A584A2747
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 526335 524288 256M EFI System
/dev/sda2 526336 1050623 524288 256M BIOS boot
/dev/sda3 1050624 18628607 17577984 8.4G Linux filesystem <-- HERE!!!
/dev/sda4 18628608 77221887 58593280 28G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda5 77221888 85035007 7813120 3.7G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda6 85035008 104566783 19531776 9.3G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda7 104566784 135817215 31250432 14.9G Linux swap
/dev/sda8 135817216 155348991 19531776 9.3G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda9 155348992 1953523711 1798174720 857.4G Linux filesystem