如何获取已删除分区中inode的块设备中的偏移量

时间:2015-07-22 00:44:09

标签: linux filesystems data-recovery ext2

在全新安装期间,我意外地格式化了包含数据的磁盘。我尝试过使用一些工具:testdisk,最重要的是,但我没有得到好的结果。 (请参阅超级用户my unsuccessful post)。

所以我决定阅读一些关于ext2 filesystem structure的文档,我可以得到一些结果:

已删除的分区有一个类似的目录树:

dev
|-scripts
|-projects
|-services
|-...
Medias
|-downloads
|-Musique
|-...
backup
...

因此,基于ext2目录条目格式:

Directory Entry
Starting_Byte Ending_Byte Size_in_Bytes Field_Description
0   3       4   Inode
4   5       2   Total size of this entry (Including all subfields)
6   6       1   Name Length least-significant 8 bits
7   7       1   Type indicator (only if the feature bit for "directory entries have file type byte" is set, else this is the most-significant 8 bits of the Name Length)
8   8+N-1   N   Name characters

我试图找到一些与这种结构相匹配的数据 我用过这个脚本:

    var bindexOf = require('buffer-indexof');

    var currentOffset=0;
    var deviceReadStream = fs.createReadStream("/dev/sdb");

    deviceReadStream.on('error',function(err){
        console.log(err);
    });

    deviceReadStream.on('data',function(data){

        var dirs = ["dev","scripts","services","projects","Medias","downloads","Musique","backup"];
        dirs.forEach(function(dir){

            dirOctetFormat = new Buffer(2);
            dirOctetFormat.writeUInt8(dir.length,0);
            dirOctetFormat.writeUInt8(2,1);// type is directory
            dirOctetFormat= Buffer.concat( [dirOctetFormat, new Buffer(dir)]);

            var offset = bindexOf( data, dirOctetFormat );
            if( offset >= 0 ){    
                console.log( dir + " entry found at offset " + (currentOffset + offset) );
            } 

        });
        currentOffset += data.length;
    });
}

我发现数据似乎是dev目录的目录条目:

 ===== Current offset: 233590226944 - 217.5478515625Gio ====== 
scripts entry found at offset 233590227030
services entry found at offset 233590227014
projects entry found at offset 233590228106

如果是这样,我得到了其子目录的inode编号:脚本,项目,服务......

但我不知道该怎么做! 我试图根据this guide推断出这些inode的位置, 但由于我无法找到已删除文件系统的超级块,我只需要猜测块大小,块数,...... 希望获得结果对我来说似乎有点模糊。

那么你可以为获得inode的偏移所需的所有值设置一些间隔,以及获得这种偏移的更正式的公式吗?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

如果您只删除了分区表(或修改了分区表),您仍然可以获取数据,如果数据尚未被重复用于其他内容。

ext2文件系统在超级块中有一个MAGIC编号,因此要恢复您的分区,您只需要搜索它。我在一台机器上执行了此操作,并且能够在一个磁盘中恢复不是一个,而是七个分区。你有机会得到无效的数字,但只是寻找那个魔法。幻数在include/uapi/linux/magic.h中定义,值为#define EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC 0xEF53(在偏移#define EXT2_SB_MAGIC_OFFSET 0x38找到它---来自文件include/linux/ext2_fs.h

要搜索超级块,只需尝试在磁盘的一个扇区中的偏移0xef53处找到0x38,它将标记该分区的第一个块。请注意,超级块在一个分区中被复制多次,因此您可以找到它的所有副本。

祝你好运! (我碰巧发生在我身上)

编辑(以举例说明)

只需在我自己的分区中查看幻数:

# hd /dev/sda3 | head -20
00000000  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000400  40 62 08 00 00 87 21 00  26 ad 01 00 f6 30 15 00  |@b....!.&....0..|
00000410  1d 31 08 00 00 00 00 00  02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00  |.1..............|
00000420  00 80 00 00 00 80 00 00  90 1f 00 00 cf 60 af 55  |.............`.U|
00000430  fc 8a af 55 2d 00 ff ff  53 ef 01 00 01 00 00 00  |...U-...S.......|<- HERE!!!
00000440  36 38 9d 55 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |68.U............|
00000450  00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00  00 01 00 00 3c 00 00 00  |............<...|
00000460  46 02 00 00 7b 00 00 00  5a bf 87 15 12 8f 44 3b  |F...{...Z.....D;|
00000470  97 e7 f3 74 4d 75 69 12  72 6f 6f 74 00 00 00 00  |...tMui.root....|
00000480  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  2f 00 61 72 67 65 74 00  |......../.arget.|
00000490  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000004c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 18 02  |................|
000004d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000004e0  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 93 54 99 ab  |.............T..|
000004f0  aa 64 46 b3 a6 73 94 34  a3 79 46 28 01 01 00 00  |.dF..s.4.yF(....|
00000500  0c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  e5 61 92 55 0a f3 02 00  |.........a.U....|
00000510  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 ff 7f 00 00  |................|
00000520  00 80 10 00 ff 7f 00 00  01 00 00 00 ff ff 10 00  |................|

记住它是从块原点开始计算的偏移量0x38,并假设超级块是第二个块(为引导码保留的块0,因此它将是块1,每个块有两个扇区)分区中的1k blocksize),因此您必须从幻数的开头倒回0x438个字节以获得分区原点。

我在整个磁盘上运行命令,得到以下结果:

# hd /dev/sda | grep " [0-9a-f][0-9a-f]  53 ef" | sed -e 's/^/    /' | head
006f05f0  ee 00 00 11 66 0a 00 00  53 ef 00 00 11 66 2d 00  |....f...S....f-.|
007c21d0  55 2a aa 7d f4 aa 89 55  53 ef a4 91 70 40 c1 00  |U*.}...US...p@..|
20100430  fc 8a af 55 2d 00 ff ff  53 ef 01 00 01 00 00 00  |...U-...S.......|
2289a910  0f 8f 4f 03 00 00 81 fe  53 ef 00 00 0f 84 ce 04  |..O.....S.......|
230d4c70  0a 00 00 00 1c 00 00 00  53 ef 01 00 00 00 00 00  |........S.......|
231b7e50  a0 73 07 00 00 00 00 00  53 ef 0d 00 00 00 00 00  |.s......S.......|
23dbd230  d5 08 ad 2b ee 71 07 8a  53 ef c2 89 d4 bb 09 1f  |...+.q..S.......|
25c0c9e0  06 00 00 00 00 4f 59 c0  53 ef 32 c0 0e 00 00 00  |.....OY.S.2.....|
25d72ca0  b0 b4 7b 3d a4 f7 84 3b  53 ef ba 3c 1f 32 b9 3c  |..{=...;S..<.2.<|
25f0eab0  f1 fd 02 be 28 59 67 3c  53 ef 9c bd 04 30 72 bd  |....(Yg<S....0r.|
显然,这个列表中的无趣线条比我们需要的线条要多得多。为了找到一个有趣的,我们必须用数字进行一些计算。我们已经看到扇区是512字节长(这是十六进制的0x200)我们可以在偏移0x438处获得超级块魔法,因此我们希望有效偏移仅在0xXXXXXX[02468ace]38。只需选择具有以该表达式结尾的偏移的行,然后您将获得第一个超级块(在第三行中)在偏移0x20100430处有效。 减去0x430以给出分区的字节偏移量0x20100000,然后将结果除以0x200,得到0x1008001050624

# fdisk -l /dev/sda | sed -e 's/^/    /'

Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: DF97DAD4-727D-4BB3-BD7B-3C5A584A2747

Device         Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1       2048     526335     524288   256M EFI System
/dev/sda2     526336    1050623     524288   256M BIOS boot
/dev/sda3    1050624   18628607   17577984   8.4G Linux filesystem  <-- HERE!!!
/dev/sda4   18628608   77221887   58593280    28G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda5   77221888   85035007    7813120   3.7G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda6   85035008  104566783   19531776   9.3G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda7  104566784  135817215   31250432  14.9G Linux swap
/dev/sda8  135817216  155348991   19531776   9.3G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda9  155348992 1953523711 1798174720 857.4G Linux filesystem