1)在下面的例子中,如何将y轴更改为“比值比”,“死亡概率”和“适合”的“死亡率”?
2)在下面的例子中,如何将y轴更改为“fit2”的“风险比”?
library(Hmisc)
library(survival)
library(rms)
data(pbc)
d <- pbc
rm(pbc)
d$died <- ifelse(d$status == 2, 1, 0)
d$status <- ifelse(d$status != 0, 1, 0)
ddist <- datadist(d)
options(datadist='ddist')
fit <- lrm(status ~ rcs(age, 4), data=d)
(an <- anova(fit))
plot(Predict(fit), anova=an, pval=TRUE)
fit2 <- cph(Surv(time, status) ~ rcs(age, 4), data=d)
(an2 <- anova(fit2))
plot(Predict(fit2), anova=an, pval=TRUE)
我期待着你的帮助!
更新1 在BondedDust的回答之后,我想到了以下内容:
# probability
getProbability <- function(x) {
exp(x)/(1+exp(x))*100
}
fit <- lrm(status ~ rcs(age, 4), data=d)
(an <- anova(fit))
plot(Predict(fit, fun=getProbability), anova=an, pval=TRUE, ylab="Probability of death [%]")
# overall probability to die
table(d$status)
round(table(d$status)[[2]]/sum(table(d$status))*100, digits=1) # = 44.5%
由于死亡的总概率是44.5%,预测概率的计算和得出的情节似乎对我来说是非统计学家的,不是吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
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- 参数来转换为优势比例:
fun=
我不确定我是否知道plot(Predict(fit,fun=exp), anova=an, pval=TRUE, ylab="Odds ratio")
的意思。逆logit函数是changing to the "probability of mortality", and "mortality rate" for "fit"
但是为了根据系数构造事件或速率的估计,您需要合并截距项。也许您可以从拟合对象的拟合值组件中提取有用的东西,以满足您的作业问题的要求。
exp(x)/(1+exp(x))
与用于将对数概率系数转换为优势比的方法相同,用于将对数危险转换为危险比:
> names(fit)
[1] "freq" "sumwty" "stats" "fail"
[5] "coefficients" "var" "u" "deviance"
[9] "est" "non.slopes" "linear.predictors" "penalty.matrix"
[13] "info.matrix" "weights" "call" "Design"
[17] "scale.pred" "terms" "assign" "na.action"
[21] "fail" "interceptRef" "nstrata"
> str(fit$linear.predictors)
Named num [1:418] -0.187 -0.235 0.41 -0.24 -0.538 ...
- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:418] "1" "2" "3" "4" ...