以功能方式处理异常的更好方法

时间:2015-07-07 14:01:42

标签: java java-8 java-stream

在Java 8中使用FP习惯用法时,异常(特别是已检查的异常)会严重中断程序逻辑的流程。这是一个任意的例子:

String s1 = "oeu", s2 = "2";
Stream.of(s1, s2).forEach(s -> 
    System.out.println(Optional.of(s).map(Integer::parseInt).get()));

当不可解析的字符串出现异常时,上面的代码会中断。但是,我只想用默认值替换它,就像我可以使用Optional

Stream.of(s1, s2).forEach(s -> 
   System.out.println(Optional.of(s)
                              .map(Integer::parseInt)
                              .orElse(-1)));

当然,这仍然失败,因为Optional只处理null。我想要的东西如下:

Stream.of(s1, s2).forEach(s ->
    System.out.println(
        Exceptional.of(s)
                   .map(Integer::parseInt)
                   .handle(NumberFormatException.class, swallow())
                   .orElse(-1)));

注意:这是一个自行回答的问题。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:50)

以下是Exceptional类的完整代码。它有一个非常大的API,它是Optional API的纯粹扩展,因此它可以在任何现有代码中替代它 - 除了它不是最终{{1}的子类型}类。这个类可以被视为与Try monad处于同一关系,OptionalOptional monad处于同一关系:它从中汲取灵感,但适应了Java习语(如实际上即使从非终端操作中抛出异常,也是如此。

以下是课程的一些重要指导原则:

  • 与monadic方法相反,不忽略Java的异常机制;

  • 相反,它减轻了异常和高阶函数之间的阻抗不匹配;

  • 异常处理不是静态类型安全(由于偷偷摸摸),但在运行时始终是安全的(除非在显式请求中,否则不会吞下异常)。

该类试图涵盖处理异常的所有典型方法:

  • Maybe带有一些提供替代值的处理代码;
  • recover,类似于flatRecover,允许返回一个新的flatMap实例,该实例将被解包并且当前实例的状态已适当更新;
  • Exceptional例外,从propagate表达式中抛出它并进行Exceptional调用声明此异常类型;
  • propagate包装到另一个异常后(翻译);
  • propagate它,导致空handle;
  • 作为处理的一个特例,Exceptional带有一个空的处理程序块。

swallow方法允许用户有选择地从他的代码中选择要公开的检查异常。在调用终端操作时仍然未处理的异常(如propagate)将在没有声明的情况下被偷偷地抛出。这通常被认为是一种先进且危险的方法,但是通常采用这种方法来有效地减轻检查异常的麻烦,并结合不声明它们的lambda形状。 get课程希望为偷偷摸摸的投掷提供更清洁,更具选择性的选择。

Exceptional
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2015, Marko Topolnik. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

public final class Exceptional<T>
{
  private final T value;
  private final Throwable exception;

  private Exceptional(T value, Throwable exc) {
    this.value = value;
    this.exception = exc;
  }

  public static <T> Exceptional<T> empty() {
    return new Exceptional<>(null, null);
  }

  public static <T> Exceptional<T> ofNullable(T value) {
    return value != null ? of(value) : empty();
  }

  public static <T> Exceptional<T> of(T value) {
    return new Exceptional<>(Objects.requireNonNull(value), null);
  }

  public static <T> Exceptional<T> ofNullableException(Throwable exception) {
    return exception != null? new Exceptional<>(null, exception) : empty();
  }

  public static <T> Exceptional<T> ofException(Throwable exception) {
    return new Exceptional<>(null, Objects.requireNonNull(exception));
  }

  public static <T> Exceptional<T> from(TrySupplier<T> supplier) {
    try {
      return ofNullable(supplier.tryGet());
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      return new Exceptional<>(null, t);
    }
  }

  public static Exceptional<Void> fromVoid(TryRunnable task) {
    try {
      task.run();
      return new Exceptional<>(null, null);
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      return new Exceptional<>(null, t);
    }
  }

  public static <E extends Throwable> Consumer<? super E> swallow() {
    return e -> {};
  }

  public T get() {
    if (value != null) return value;
    if (exception != null) sneakyThrow(exception);
    throw new NoSuchElementException("No value present");
  }

  public T orElse(T other) {
    if (value != null) return value;
    if (exception != null) sneakyThrow(exception);
    return other;
  }

  public T orElseGet(Supplier<? extends T> other) {
    if (value != null) return value;
    if (exception != null) sneakyThrow(exception);
    return other.get();
  }

  public Stream<T> stream() { 
      return value == null ? Stream.empty() : Stream.of(value); 
  }

  public<U> Exceptional<U> map(Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper) {
    Objects.requireNonNull(mapper);
    if (value == null) return new Exceptional<>(null, exception);
    final U u;
    try {
      u = mapper.apply(value);
    } catch (Throwable exc) {
      return new Exceptional<>(null, exc);
    }
    return ofNullable(u);
  }

  public<U> Exceptional<U> flatMap(Function<? super T, Exceptional<U>> mapper) {
    Objects.requireNonNull(mapper);
    return value != null ? Objects.requireNonNull(mapper.apply(value)) : empty();
  }

  public Exceptional<T> filter(Predicate<? super T> predicate) {
    Objects.requireNonNull(predicate);
    if (value == null) return this;
    final boolean b;
    try {
      b = predicate.test(value);
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      return ofException(t);
    }
    return b ? this : empty();
  }

  public <X extends Throwable> Exceptional<T> recover(
      Class<? extends X> excType, Function<? super X, T> mapper)
  {
    Objects.requireNonNull(mapper);
    return excType.isInstance(exception) ? ofNullable(mapper.apply(excType.cast(exception))) : this;
  }

  public <X extends Throwable> Exceptional<T> recover(
      Iterable<Class<? extends X>> excTypes, Function<? super X, T> mapper)
  {
    Objects.requireNonNull(mapper);
    for (Class<? extends X> excType : excTypes)
      if (excType.isInstance(exception))
        return ofNullable(mapper.apply(excType.cast(exception)));
    return this;
  }

  public <X extends Throwable> Exceptional<T> flatRecover(
      Class<? extends X> excType, Function<? super X, Exceptional<T>> mapper)
  {
    Objects.requireNonNull(mapper);
    return excType.isInstance(exception) ? Objects.requireNonNull(mapper.apply(excType.cast(exception))) : this;
  }

  public <X extends Throwable> Exceptional<T> flatRecover(
      Iterable<Class<? extends X>> excTypes, Function<? super X, Exceptional<T>> mapper)
  {
    Objects.requireNonNull(mapper);
    for (Class<? extends X> c : excTypes)
      if (c.isInstance(exception))
        return Objects.requireNonNull(mapper.apply(c.cast(exception)));
    return this;
  }

  public <E extends Throwable> Exceptional<T> propagate(Class<E> excType) throws E {
    if (excType.isInstance(exception))
      throw excType.cast(exception);
    return this;
  }

  public <E extends Throwable> Exceptional<T> propagate(Iterable<Class<? extends E>> excTypes) throws E {
    for (Class<? extends E> excType : excTypes)
      if (excType.isInstance(exception))
        throw excType.cast(exception);
    return this;
  }

  public <E extends Throwable, F extends Throwable> Exceptional<T> propagate(
      Class<E> excType, Function<? super E, ? extends F> translator)
  throws F
  {
    if (excType.isInstance(exception))
      throw translator.apply(excType.cast(exception));
    return this;
  }

  public <E extends Throwable, F extends Throwable> Exceptional<T> propagate(
      Iterable<Class<E>> excTypes, Function<? super E, ? extends F> translator)
  throws F
  {
    for (Class<? extends E> excType : excTypes)
      if (excType.isInstance(exception))
        throw translator.apply(excType.cast(exception));
    return this;
  }

  public <E extends Throwable> Exceptional<T> handle(Class<E> excType, Consumer<? super E> action) {
    if (excType.isInstance(exception)) {
      action.accept(excType.cast(exception));
      return empty();
    }
    return this;
  }

  public <E extends Throwable> Exceptional<T> handle(Iterable<Class<E>> excTypes, Consumer<? super E> action) {
    for (Class<? extends E> excType : excTypes)
      if (excType.isInstance(exception)) {
        action.accept(excType.cast(exception));
        return empty();
      }
    return this;
  }

  public <X extends Throwable> T orElseThrow(Supplier<? extends X> exceptionSupplier) throws X {
    if (value != null) return value;
    if (exception != null) sneakyThrow(exception);
    throw exceptionSupplier.get();
  }

  public boolean isPresent() {
    return value != null;
  }

  public void ifPresent(Consumer<? super T> consumer) {
    if (value != null)
      consumer.accept(value);
    if (exception != null) sneakyThrow(exception);
  }

  public boolean isException() {
    return exception != null;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (this == obj) return true;
    return obj instanceof Exceptional && Objects.equals(value, ((Exceptional)obj).value);
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return Objects.hashCode(value);
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private static <T extends Throwable> void sneakyThrow(Throwable t) throws T {
    throw (T) t;
  }
}
@FunctionalInterface
public interface TrySupplier<T> {
  T tryGet() throws Throwable;
}

答案 1 :(得分:9)

如果java.util.function提供的每个功能接口都被允许抛出异常怎么办?

public interface ThrowingSupplier<R, X extends Throwable> {
    public R get() throws X;
}

我们可以使用一些默认方法来提供您想要的行为。

  • 您可以回退某些默认值或操作
  • 您可以尝试执行可能引发异常的其他操作

written a libraryjava.util.function这种方式重新定义了大多数接口。我甚至提供ThrowingStream,让您使用与常规Stream相同的API使用这些新接口。

@FunctionalInterface
public interface ThrowingSupplier<R, X extends Throwable> {
    public R get() throws X;

    default public Supplier<R> fallbackTo(Supplier<? extends R> supplier) {
        ThrowingSupplier<R, Nothing> t = supplier::get;
        return orTry(t)::get;
    }

    default public <Y extends Throwable> ThrowingSupplier<R, Y> orTry(
            ThrowingSupplier<? extends R, ? extends Y> supplier) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(supplier, "supplier");
        return () -> {
            try {
                return get();
            } catch (Throwable x) {
                try {
                    return supplier.get();
                } catch (Throwable y) {
                    y.addSuppressed(x);
                    throw y;
                }
            }
        };
    }
}

Nothing是一个永远不会被抛出的RuntimeException。)

您的原始示例将变为

ThrowingFunction<String, Integer, NumberFormatException> parse = Integer::parseInt;
Function<String, Optional<Integer>> safeParse = parse.fallbackTo(s -> null)
    .andThen(Optional::ofNullable);
Stream.of(s1, s2)
    .map(safeParse)
    .map(i -> i.orElse(-1))
    .forEach(System.out::println);

答案 2 :(得分:6)

以前是我之前关于这个主题的一些discussions

我在推理中创建了一个界面Result<T>Result<T>要么是成功,值为T,要么是带有异常的失败。它是Async<T>的子类型,作为立即完成的异步操作,但这在此并不重要。

创建结果 -

Result.success( value )
Result.failure( exception )
Result.call( callable )

然后可以通过各种方式转换结果 - transform, map, then, peek, catch_, finally_等。例如

Async<Integer> rInt = Result.success( s )
      .map( Integer::parseInt )
      .peek( System.out::println )
      .catch_( NumberFormatException.class, ex->42 ) // default
      .catch_( Exception.class, ex-> { ex.printStacktrace(); throw ex; } )
      .finally_( ()->{...} )

不幸的是,API专注于Async,因此一些方法返回Async。其中一些可以被Result覆盖以返回Result;但有些人不能,例如then()(这是flatmap)。但是,如果感兴趣,可以轻松提取与Async无关的独立Result API。

答案 3 :(得分:5)

有一个名为better-java-monads的第三方库。它具有Try monad,它提供必要的功能。它还具有TryMapFunctionTrySupplier功能接口,可以将Try monad与已检查的异常一起使用。