如何创建符合Java中系统长度和字符集要求的随机密码?
我必须创建一个10-14个字符长的随机密码,并且至少有一个大写字母,一个小写字母和一个特殊字符。不幸的是,一些特殊字符太特殊且不能使用,所以我不能只使用打印的ASCII。
此网站上的许多示例都会生成随机密码或会话密钥,但字符中没有足够的熵,或者在上面给出的业务设置中没有实际要求,所以我要求更多尖锐的问题来获取更好的答案。
我的角色集,标准美国键盘上的每个特殊字符,除了空格:
A-Z
a-z
0-9
~`!@#$%^&*()-_=+[{]}\|;:'",<.>/?
答案 0 :(得分:30)
我建议使用apache commons RandomStringUtils。使用已经完成的事情。
String characters = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789~`!@#$%^&*()-_=+[{]}\\|;:\'\",<.>/?";
String pwd = RandomStringUtils.random( 15, characters );
System.out.println( pwd );
如果你正在使用maven
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.4</version>
</dependency>
否则下载jar
<强>更新强> 安全随机的版本。所以留下所需字符的问题并且可以在评论中解决,分别生成所需部分和正常部分。然后随机加入。
char[] possibleCharacters = (new String("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789~`!@#$%^&*()-_=+[{]}\\|;:\'\",<.>/?")).toCharArray();
String randomStr = RandomStringUtils.random( randomStrLength, 0, possibleCharacters.length-1, false, false, possibleCharacters, new SecureRandom() );
System.out.println( randomStr );
答案 1 :(得分:10)
我最近了解了Passay。它提供了PasswordGenerator class所需的功能。它使用CharacterRules而不是PasswordCharacterSets随机生成符合下面要求的密码,如下所示。它不是保留随机字符插入的未使用索引列表,而是在插入符合要求的字符后简单地对字符缓冲区进行洗牌。
下面是以前的遗留问题,如果您的许可允许,我建议使用Passay,否则此代码应该正常工作,并提供生成的密码为何具有密码效果的详细信息
我最后两次编写此代码。一旦获得随机字符结果,但事实证明字符的分布取决于字符集的大小(哎呀!)。我重写了它,现在您应该复制/粘贴代码并将Main.java更改为您想要的字符集。虽然可以采用不同的方式,但我认为这是一种相对简单的方法来获得正确的结果,我鼓励重用,评论,批评和经过深思熟虑的编辑。
PasswordGenerator代码的控件如下:
实际密码生成的主要部分:
密码复杂性的描述:密码复杂性通常以熵的比特来谈。以下是密钥空间的可能性数量:
至少有一个大写字母字符(26个中),一个小写字母字符(26个中),一个数字(满分10个)和一个特殊字符(32个中),你计算的方式可能性的数量是每个字符乘以字符数的可能性的数量,因为它们随机放置在字符串中。所以我们知道四个角色的可能性是:
Required Characters = 26*26*10*32=216,320
所有剩余的角色各有94(26 + 26 + 10 + 32)种可能性
我们的计算是:
Characters Possibilities Bits of Entropy
10 chars 216,320*94^6 = 149,232,631,038,033,920 ~2^57
11 chars 216,320*94^7 = 14,027,867,317,575,188,480 ~2^63
12 chars 216,320*94^8 = 1,318,619,527,852,067,717,120 ~2^70
13 chars 216,320*94^9 = 123,950,235,618,094,365,409,280 ~2^76
14 chars 216,320*94^10 = 11,651,322,148,100,870,348,472,320 ~2^83
考虑到这一点,如果你想要最安全的密码,你应该总是选择可能的最大字符数,在这种情况下为14。
Main.java
package org.redtown.pw;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import org.redtown.pw.PasswordGenerator.PasswordCharacterSet;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Set<PasswordCharacterSet> values = new HashSet<PasswordCharacterSet>(EnumSet.allOf(SummerCharacterSets.class));
PasswordGenerator pwGenerator = new PasswordGenerator(values, 10, 14);
for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i) {
System.out.println(pwGenerator.generatePassword());
}
}
private static final char[] ALPHA_UPPER_CHARACTERS = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D',
'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q',
'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z' };
private static final char[] ALPHA_LOWER_CHARACTERS = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd',
'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q',
'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' };
private static final char[] NUMERIC_CHARACTERS = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4',
'5', '6', '7', '8', '9' };
private static final char[] SPECIAL_CHARACTERS = { '~', '`', '!', '@', '#',
'$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')', '-', '_', '=', '+', '[', '{',
']', '}', '\\', '|', ';', ':', '\'', '"', ',', '<', '.', '>', '/',
'?' };
private enum SummerCharacterSets implements PasswordCharacterSet {
ALPHA_UPPER(ALPHA_UPPER_CHARACTERS, 1),
ALPHA_LOWER(ALPHA_LOWER_CHARACTERS, 1),
NUMERIC(NUMERIC_CHARACTERS, 1),
SPECIAL(SPECIAL_CHARACTERS, 1);
private final char[] chars;
private final int minUsage;
private SummerCharacterSets(char[] chars, int minUsage) {
this.chars = chars;
this.minUsage = minUsage;
}
@Override
public char[] getCharacters() {
return chars;
}
@Override
public int getMinCharacters() {
return minUsage;
}
}
}
PasswordGenerator.java
package org.redtown.pw;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
public class PasswordGenerator {
private final List<PasswordCharacterSet> pwSets;
private final char[] allCharacters;
private final int minLength;
private final int maxLength;
private final int presetCharacterCount;
public PasswordGenerator(Collection<PasswordCharacterSet> origPwSets, int minLength, int maxLength) {
this.minLength = minLength;
this.maxLength = maxLength;
// Make a copy of the character arrays and min-values so they cannot be changed after initialization
int pwCharacters = 0;
int preallocatedCharacters = 0;
List<PasswordCharacterSet> pwSets = new ArrayList<PasswordCharacterSet>(origPwSets.size());
for(PasswordCharacterSet origpwSet : origPwSets) {
PasswordCharacterSet newPwSet = new PwSet(origpwSet);
pwSets.add(newPwSet);
pwCharacters += newPwSet.getCharacters().length;
preallocatedCharacters += newPwSet.getMinCharacters();
}
this.presetCharacterCount = preallocatedCharacters;
this.pwSets = Collections.unmodifiableList(pwSets);
if (minLength < presetCharacterCount) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Combined minimum lengths "
+ presetCharacterCount
+ " are greater than the minLength of " + minLength);
}
// Copy all characters into single array so we can evenly access all members when accessing this array
char[] allChars = new char[pwCharacters];
int currentIndex = 0;
for(PasswordCharacterSet pwSet : pwSets) {
char[] chars = pwSet.getCharacters();
System.arraycopy(chars, 0, allChars, currentIndex, chars.length);
currentIndex += chars.length;
}
this.allCharacters = allChars;
}
public char[] generatePassword() {
SecureRandom rand = new SecureRandom();
// Set pw length to minLength <= pwLength <= maxLength
int pwLength = minLength + rand.nextInt(maxLength - minLength + 1);
int randomCharacterCount = pwLength - presetCharacterCount;
// Place each index in an array then remove them randomly to assign positions in the pw array
List<Integer> remainingIndexes = new ArrayList<Integer>(pwLength);
for(int i=0; i < pwLength; ++i) {
remainingIndexes.add(i);
}
// Fill pw array
char[] pw = new char[pwLength];
for(PasswordCharacterSet pwSet : pwSets) {
addRandomCharacters(pw, pwSet.getCharacters(), pwSet.getMinCharacters(), remainingIndexes, rand);
}
addRandomCharacters(pw, allCharacters, randomCharacterCount, remainingIndexes, rand);
return pw;
}
private static void addRandomCharacters(char[] pw, char[] characterSet,
int numCharacters, List<Integer> remainingIndexes, Random rand) {
for(int i=0; i < numCharacters; ++i) {
// Get and remove random index from the remaining indexes
int pwIndex = remainingIndexes.remove(rand.nextInt(remainingIndexes.size()));
// Set random character from character index to pwIndex
int randCharIndex = rand.nextInt(characterSet.length);
pw[pwIndex] = characterSet[randCharIndex];
}
}
public static interface PasswordCharacterSet {
char[] getCharacters();
int getMinCharacters();
}
/**
* Defensive copy of a passed-in PasswordCharacterSet
*/
private static final class PwSet implements PasswordCharacterSet {
private final char[] chars;
private final int minChars;
public PwSet(PasswordCharacterSet pwSet) {
this.minChars = pwSet.getMinCharacters();
char[] pwSetChars = pwSet.getCharacters();
// Defensive copy
this.chars = Arrays.copyOf(pwSetChars, pwSetChars.length);
}
@Override
public char[] getCharacters() {
return chars;
}
@Override
public int getMinCharacters() {
return minChars;
}
}
}
答案 2 :(得分:0)
这是一个仅使用原始Java并实现要求的实用程序。它基本上得到每个所需字符集之一。然后用整个集合中的随机字符填充其余部分。然后将其全部洗掉。
public class PasswordUtils {
static char[] SYMBOLS = (new String("^$*.[]{}()?-\"!@#%&/\\,><':;|_~`")).toCharArray();
static char[] LOWERCASE = (new String("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")).toCharArray();
static char[] UPPERCASE = (new String("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")).toCharArray();
static char[] NUMBERS = (new String("0123456789")).toCharArray();
static char[] ALL_CHARS = (new String("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789^$*.[]{}()?-\"!@#%&/\\,><':;|_~`")).toCharArray();
static Random rand = new SecureRandom();
public static String getPassword(int length) {
assert length >= 4;
char[] password = new char[length];
//get the requirements out of the way
password[0] = LOWERCASE[rand.nextInt(LOWERCASE.length)];
password[1] = UPPERCASE[rand.nextInt(UPPERCASE.length)];
password[2] = NUMBERS[rand.nextInt(NUMBERS.length)];
password[3] = SYMBOLS[rand.nextInt(SYMBOLS.length)];
//populate rest of the password with random chars
for (int i = 4; i < length; i++) {
password[i] = ALL_CHARS[rand.nextInt(ALL_CHARS.length)];
}
//shuffle it up
for (int i = 0; i < password.length; i++) {
int randomPosition = rand.nextInt(password.length);
char temp = password[i];
password[i] = password[randomPosition];
password[randomPosition] = temp;
}
return new String(password);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println(getPassword(8));
}
}
}
答案 3 :(得分:0)
使用rt.jar的java.util包的随机功能,我们可以创建任意长度的随机密码。下面是相同的代码段。
<base href="/">
}