使用最低特殊字符要求在Java中生成安全随机密码

时间:2015-07-07 05:36:57

标签: java security random passwords

如何创建符合Java中系统长度和字符集要求的随机密码?

我必须创建一个10-14个字符长的随机密码,并且至少有一个大写字母,一个小写字母和一个特殊字符。不幸的是,一些特殊字符特殊且不能使用,所以我不能只使用打印的ASCII。

此网站上的许多示例都会生成随机密码或会话密钥,但字符中没有足够的熵,或者在上面给出的业务设置中没有实际要求,所以我要求更多尖锐的问题来获取更好的答案。

我的角色集,标准美国键盘上的每个特殊字符,除了空格:     

A-Z
a-z
0-9
~`!@#$%^&*()-_=+[{]}\|;:'",<.>/?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:30)

我建议使用apache commons RandomStringUtils。使用已经完成的事情。

String characters = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789~`!@#$%^&*()-_=+[{]}\\|;:\'\",<.>/?";
String pwd = RandomStringUtils.random( 15, characters );
System.out.println( pwd );

如果你正在使用maven

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
    <version>3.4</version>
</dependency>

否则下载jar

<强>更新 安全随机的版本。所以留下所需字符的问题并且可以在评论中解决,分别生成所需部分和正常部分。然后随机加入。

char[] possibleCharacters = (new String("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789~`!@#$%^&*()-_=+[{]}\\|;:\'\",<.>/?")).toCharArray();
String randomStr = RandomStringUtils.random( randomStrLength, 0, possibleCharacters.length-1, false, false, possibleCharacters, new SecureRandom() );
System.out.println( randomStr );

答案 1 :(得分:10)

我最近了解了Passay。它提供了PasswordGenerator class所需的功能。它使用CharacterRules而不是PasswordCharacterSets随机生成符合下面要求的密码,如下所示。它不是保留随机字符插入的未使用索引列表,而是在插入符合要求的字符后简单地对字符缓冲区进行洗牌。

下面是以前的遗留问题,如果您的许可允许,我建议使用Passay,否则此代码应该正常工作,并提供生成的密码为何具有密码效果的详细信息

我最后两次编写此代码。一旦获得随机字符结果,但事实证明字符的分布取决于字符集的大小(哎呀!)。我重写了它,现在您应该复制/粘贴代码并将Main.java更改为您想要的字符集。虽然可以采用不同的方式,但我认为这是一种相对简单的方法来获得正确的结果,我鼓励重用,评论,批评和经过深思熟虑的编辑。

PasswordGenerator代码的控件如下:

  • 最小/最大长度:使用随机数设置
  • PasswordCharacterSet :假设传递给PasswordGenerator的所有PasswordCharacterSets都包含唯一的字符集,否则,随机字符将偏向重复字符集。
  • PasswordCharacterSet Min Characters :用于此字符集的最小字符数。

实际密码生成的主要部分:

  • 随机随机性:我们使用的是SecureRandom,它由加密强PRNG支持,而不是Random类,而不是。
  • 密码的随机字符顺序:pw char数组的所有索引都添加到remainingIndexes数组中。当我们调用addRandomCharacters时,它会随机删除索引,我们使用删除的索引来填充数组。
  • 随机字符:在addRandomCharacters中,选择我们正在使用的字符索引的随机索引并将其添加到pw数组中。
  • 设置保证每种类型的最小字符:我们首先简单地划出最小字符数量。我们从每个字符集中选择最小量的随机值,然后继续。
  • 剩余字符的随机分布:在设置了最小值之后,我们希望在所有字符集中使其余字符随机。所有字符都添加到单个数组中。其余的插槽使用与先前字符集相同的策略填充。

密码复杂性的描述:密码复杂性通常以熵的比特来谈。以下是密钥空间的可能性数量:

至少有一个大写字母字符(26个中),一个小写字母字符(26个中),一个数字(满分10个)和一个特殊字符(32个中),你计算的方式可能性的数量是每个字符乘以字符数的可能性的数量,因为它们随机放置在字符串中。所以我们知道四个角色的可能性是:

Required Characters = 26*26*10*32=216,320

所有剩余的角色各有94(26 + 26 + 10 + 32)种可能性

我们的计算是:

Characters  Possibilities                                       Bits of Entropy
10 chars    216,320*94^6  = 149,232,631,038,033,920             ~2^57
11 chars    216,320*94^7  = 14,027,867,317,575,188,480          ~2^63
12 chars    216,320*94^8  = 1,318,619,527,852,067,717,120       ~2^70
13 chars    216,320*94^9  = 123,950,235,618,094,365,409,280     ~2^76
14 chars    216,320*94^10 = 11,651,322,148,100,870,348,472,320  ~2^83

考虑到这一点,如果你想要最安全的密码,你应该总是选择可能的最大字符数,在这种情况下为14。

Main.java     

package org.redtown.pw;

import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.redtown.pw.PasswordGenerator.PasswordCharacterSet;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<PasswordCharacterSet> values = new HashSet<PasswordCharacterSet>(EnumSet.allOf(SummerCharacterSets.class));
        PasswordGenerator pwGenerator = new PasswordGenerator(values, 10, 14);
        for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i) {
            System.out.println(pwGenerator.generatePassword());
        }
    }

    private static final char[] ALPHA_UPPER_CHARACTERS = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D',
            'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q',
            'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z' };
    private static final char[] ALPHA_LOWER_CHARACTERS = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd',
            'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q',
            'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' };
    private static final char[] NUMERIC_CHARACTERS = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4',
            '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' };
    private static final char[] SPECIAL_CHARACTERS = { '~', '`', '!', '@', '#',
            '$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')', '-', '_', '=', '+', '[', '{',
            ']', '}', '\\', '|', ';', ':', '\'', '"', ',', '<', '.', '>', '/',
            '?' };

    private enum SummerCharacterSets implements PasswordCharacterSet {
        ALPHA_UPPER(ALPHA_UPPER_CHARACTERS, 1),
        ALPHA_LOWER(ALPHA_LOWER_CHARACTERS, 1),
        NUMERIC(NUMERIC_CHARACTERS, 1),
        SPECIAL(SPECIAL_CHARACTERS, 1);

        private final char[] chars;
        private final int minUsage;

        private SummerCharacterSets(char[] chars, int minUsage) {
            this.chars = chars;
            this.minUsage = minUsage;
        }

        @Override
        public char[] getCharacters() {
            return chars;
        }

        @Override
        public int getMinCharacters() {
            return minUsage;
        }
    }
}

PasswordGenerator.java     

package org.redtown.pw;

import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

public class PasswordGenerator {

    private final List<PasswordCharacterSet> pwSets;
    private final char[] allCharacters;
    private final int minLength;
    private final int maxLength;
    private final int presetCharacterCount;

    public PasswordGenerator(Collection<PasswordCharacterSet> origPwSets, int minLength, int maxLength) {
        this.minLength = minLength;
        this.maxLength = maxLength;

        // Make a copy of the character arrays and min-values so they cannot be changed after initialization
        int pwCharacters = 0;
        int preallocatedCharacters = 0;
        List<PasswordCharacterSet> pwSets = new ArrayList<PasswordCharacterSet>(origPwSets.size());
        for(PasswordCharacterSet origpwSet : origPwSets) {
            PasswordCharacterSet newPwSet = new PwSet(origpwSet);
            pwSets.add(newPwSet);
            pwCharacters += newPwSet.getCharacters().length;
            preallocatedCharacters += newPwSet.getMinCharacters();
        }
        this.presetCharacterCount = preallocatedCharacters;
        this.pwSets = Collections.unmodifiableList(pwSets);

        if (minLength < presetCharacterCount) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Combined minimum lengths "
                    + presetCharacterCount
                    + " are greater than the minLength of " + minLength);
        }

        // Copy all characters into single array so we can evenly access all members when accessing this array
        char[] allChars = new char[pwCharacters];
        int currentIndex = 0;
        for(PasswordCharacterSet pwSet : pwSets) {
            char[] chars = pwSet.getCharacters();
            System.arraycopy(chars, 0, allChars, currentIndex, chars.length);
            currentIndex += chars.length;
        }
        this.allCharacters = allChars;
    }


    public char[] generatePassword() {
        SecureRandom rand = new SecureRandom();

        // Set pw length to minLength <= pwLength <= maxLength
        int pwLength = minLength + rand.nextInt(maxLength - minLength + 1);
        int randomCharacterCount = pwLength - presetCharacterCount;


        // Place each index in an array then remove them randomly to assign positions in the pw array
        List<Integer> remainingIndexes = new ArrayList<Integer>(pwLength);
        for(int i=0; i < pwLength; ++i) {
            remainingIndexes.add(i);
        }

        // Fill pw array
        char[] pw = new char[pwLength];
        for(PasswordCharacterSet pwSet : pwSets) {
            addRandomCharacters(pw, pwSet.getCharacters(), pwSet.getMinCharacters(), remainingIndexes, rand);
        }
        addRandomCharacters(pw, allCharacters, randomCharacterCount, remainingIndexes, rand);
        return pw;
    }

    private static void addRandomCharacters(char[] pw, char[] characterSet,
            int numCharacters, List<Integer> remainingIndexes, Random rand) {
        for(int i=0; i < numCharacters; ++i) {
            // Get and remove random index from the remaining indexes
            int pwIndex = remainingIndexes.remove(rand.nextInt(remainingIndexes.size()));

            // Set random character from character index to pwIndex
            int randCharIndex = rand.nextInt(characterSet.length);
            pw[pwIndex] = characterSet[randCharIndex];
        }
    }

    public static interface PasswordCharacterSet {
        char[] getCharacters();
        int getMinCharacters();
    }

    /**
     * Defensive copy of a passed-in PasswordCharacterSet
     */
    private static final class PwSet implements PasswordCharacterSet {
        private final char[] chars;
        private final int minChars;

        public PwSet(PasswordCharacterSet pwSet) {
            this.minChars = pwSet.getMinCharacters();
            char[] pwSetChars = pwSet.getCharacters();
            // Defensive copy
            this.chars = Arrays.copyOf(pwSetChars, pwSetChars.length);
        }

        @Override
        public char[] getCharacters() {
            return chars;
        }

        @Override
        public int getMinCharacters() {
            return minChars;
        }
    }
}

答案 2 :(得分:0)

这是一个仅使用原始Java并实现要求的实用程序。它基本上得到每个所需字符集之一。然后用整个集合中的随机字符填充其余部分。然后将其全部洗掉。

public class PasswordUtils {

    static char[] SYMBOLS = (new String("^$*.[]{}()?-\"!@#%&/\\,><':;|_~`")).toCharArray();
    static char[] LOWERCASE = (new String("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")).toCharArray();
    static char[] UPPERCASE = (new String("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")).toCharArray();
    static char[] NUMBERS = (new String("0123456789")).toCharArray();
    static char[] ALL_CHARS = (new String("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789^$*.[]{}()?-\"!@#%&/\\,><':;|_~`")).toCharArray();
    static Random rand = new SecureRandom();

    public static String getPassword(int length) {
        assert length >= 4;
        char[] password = new char[length];

        //get the requirements out of the way
        password[0] = LOWERCASE[rand.nextInt(LOWERCASE.length)];
        password[1] = UPPERCASE[rand.nextInt(UPPERCASE.length)];
        password[2] = NUMBERS[rand.nextInt(NUMBERS.length)];
        password[3] = SYMBOLS[rand.nextInt(SYMBOLS.length)];

        //populate rest of the password with random chars
        for (int i = 4; i < length; i++) {
            password[i] = ALL_CHARS[rand.nextInt(ALL_CHARS.length)];
        }

        //shuffle it up
        for (int i = 0; i < password.length; i++) {
            int randomPosition = rand.nextInt(password.length);
            char temp = password[i];
            password[i] = password[randomPosition];
            password[randomPosition] = temp;
        }

        return new String(password);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println(getPassword(8));
        }
    }
}

答案 3 :(得分:0)

使用rt.jar的java.util包的随机功能,我们可以创建任意长度的随机密码。下面是相同的代码段。

<base href="/">

}