我在数据库的小型聊天应用程序上工作。我创建了图像中显示的数据库。
我是索引新手,我想为查询选择合适的索引。
我可以在Messages表中使用聚簇索引吗?如果可以的话,哪一列(或多列)应该有聚簇索引?或者我应该使用非聚集索引?
更新:我用来获取消息的查询是:
Select TextContent From Messages where (SenderId='1' and ReciverID = '2') or (SenderId='2' and ReciverID = '1') order by date
SenderID和ReciverID的值只是为了澄清。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您可能应该在消息表中添加代理主键并创建索引:
ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN id BIGINT NOT NULL IDENTITY
ALTER TABLE messages ADD CONSTRAINT pk_messages_id PRIMARY KEY (id)
CREATE INDEX ix_messages_sender_receiver_date (senderId, receiverId, date) ON messages
如果您想要从对话链中检索前十条最后一条消息,那么稍微重写一下您的查询可能会有所帮助:
SELECT m.*
FROM (
SELECT TOP 10
*
FROM (
SELECT date, id
FROM messages
WHERE senderId = 1 AND receiverId = 2
UNION
SELECT date, id
FROM messages
WHERE senderId = 2 AND receiverId = 1
) q
ORDER BY
date DESC, id DESC
) q
JOIN messages m
ON m.id = q.id
这样,SQL Server更有可能合并加入对话的两个方向,而不是单独排序。
或者,使用user1
,user2
和direction
代替发件人和收件人,以便user1 < user2
(始终)和direction
定义文本从user1
到user2
或反之亦然。
这样,您只需在user1 = 1 AND user2 = 2
上进行过滤,而无需担心OR
或工会。
您可以在计算列中执行此操作,您也可以将其编入索引:
ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN user1 AS CASE WHEN senderId < receiverId THEN senderId ELSE receiverId END
ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN user2 AS CASE WHEN senderId > receiverId THEN senderId ELSE receiverId END
ALTER TABLE messages ADD COLUMN direction AS CASE WHEN senderId < receiverId THEN 0 ELSE 1 END
CREATE INDEX ix_messages_user1_user2_date ON messages (user1, user2, date)
然后选择:
SELECT *
FROM messages
WHERE user1 = 1
AND user2 = 2 -- make sure lower number goes to user1, higher number goes to user2
ORDER BY
date