在TypeScript中动态返回类构造函数

时间:2015-06-26 15:05:35

标签: javascript typescript factory

我正在尝试在TypeScript中构建一个机制,以根据表示类名称的字符串参数返回类的新实例。基本上,我正在尝试创建一个工厂,只是我无法弄清楚如何在TypeScript中执行此操作。在纯JS中,我可以通过将所有类构造函数存储在键/值对象中并调用new ClassDictionary[className]();来避免这种情况 - 它不是最强大的解决方案,但它适用于这种情况。我似乎无法在TypeScript中获得正确的类型组合和强制转换。有没有更好的办法?我还没有在TypeScript中找到任何工厂模式的例子,所以现在我只是有一点开关语句,这是丑陋且不灵活的。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

您可以为字典中的每个类添加一个函数声明,这可能如下所示(访问:http://www.typescriptlang.org/Handbook#declaration-merging-merging-interfaces):

class MyClass { 
    myMethod() { return "my return"; }
}

function factory(className: "Date"): Date;
function factory(className: "Number"): Number;
function factory(className: "MyClass"): MyClass;
function factory(className: string) { 

    var ClassDictionary = {
        "Date": Date,
        "Number": Number,
        "MyClass": MyClass
    };

    return new ClassDictionary[className]();
}

var d = factory("Date");

/* Its a date. */
alert(d.toISOString());

var n = factory("Number");

/* Now a number. */
alert(n.toPrecision());

var c = factory("MyClass");

/* And now MyClass. */
alert(c.myMethod());

在游乐场(Sample

中工作

或以其他方式

// ...
var ClassDictionary = { };

ClassDictionary["Date"] = Date;
function factory(className: "Date"): Date;

ClassDictionary["Number"] = Number;
function factory(className: "Number"): Number;

ClassDictionary["MyClass"] = MyClass;
function factory(className: "MyClass"): MyClass;

function factory(className: string) { 
    return new ClassDictionary[className]();
}
// ...

或使用参数:

class MyClass {
    constructor(public myReturn: string) { }
    myMethod() { return this.myReturn; }
}

var ClassDictionary = { };

ClassDictionary["Date"] = Date;
function factory(className: "Date"): Date;

ClassDictionary["Number"] = Number;
function factory(className: "Number", value?: number): Number;

ClassDictionary["MyClass"] = MyClass;
function factory(className: "MyClass", myReturn: string): MyClass;

function factory(className: string, valueOrMyReturn?: number | string) { 
   if(valueOrMyReturn) return new ClassDictionary[className](valueOrMyReturn);
    return new ClassDictionary[className]();
}

var d = factory("Date");

/* Its a date. */
alert(d.toISOString());

var n = factory("Number", 42);

/* Now a number. */
alert(n.toPrecision());

var c = factory("MyClass", "This is the answer!");

/* And now MyClass. */
alert(c.myMethod());

答案 1 :(得分:1)

让我们想象你有一个类定义:

module UI
{
    export class MyClass
    {
        constructor( data: any )
        {}
     }
}

你可以使用这种结构:

public static CreateController(  data: IControllerData ): any
    {
        return new data.namespace[data.controller]( data.initializationData );
    }

其中数据是JS对象,如下所示:

var data = {
            namespace: UI,
            controller: "MyClass"// <- this is the class name
            initializationData: {} // this is the parameters that you want to pass in constructor
}

创建MyClass类的新实例。