Question

我想对用户进行身份验证的类AuthClient（使用Moq）进行单元测试。

问题是我的AuthenticationService依赖关系未在类中注入。我对如何在不注入依赖项的情况下测试流程感到困惑。

[TestClass] 
public class AuthClient 
{
    string Dictionary<string, IList<UserPermissions> _userPermissions;

    User Login(string username, string password)
    {
        IAuthenticationService authenticationService = new AuthenticationService();
        User user = authService.Login(username, password);

        IAuthorizationService authorizationService = new AuthorizationService();
        var permissions = authorizationService.GetPermissions(user);
        _userPermissions.Add(user.Username, permissions);

        return user;
    }
}

我目前的单元测试代码如下：

public class UnitTestClass
{
    public string UserName {get;set;}
    public string Password {get;set;}

    [TestInitialize]
    public void Setup() 
    {
        UserName = "test";
        Password = "test123";
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void When_ValidUserCredentials_Expect_UserIsNotNull()
    {
        var mockAuthenticationService = new Mock<IAuthenticateService>();
        mockAuthenticationService.Setup(m => m.Login(ValidUserName, ValidPassword)).Returns(ValidUserDto);

        var mockAuthorizationService = new Mock<IAuthorizeService>();
        mockAuthorizationService.Setup(m => m.GetAllPermissions(ValidUserId)).Returns(ValidPermissionList);

        var authClient = new Mock<AuthClient>();
        // I want to use mock dependencies here to test flow against mock data
        User user = authClient.Login(UserName, Password); 

        Assert.IsNotNull(user);
    }
}

任何一切都出错的想法？

Answer 1

Moq允许您测试依赖于其他类/对象的类（以及许多其他内容）。注意：Moq不是IOC容器。

在你的AuthClient类中，你不允许给它任何依赖，而是实例化它自己的例如。

IAuthenticationService authenticationService = new AuthenticationService();

相反，您需要在AuthClient类上定义一个构造函数，该构造函数接受两个对象（它应该依赖于它），还有其他方法可以“注入”依赖项，但是现在我们将使用构造函数注入(good example)

例如

public class AuthClient 
{
    string Dictionary<string, IList<UserPermissions> _userPermissions;
    private IAuthenticationService _authenticationService;
    private IAuthorizationService _authorizationService;

    public AuthClient(IAuthenticationService authenticationService, IAuthorizationService authorizationService)
    {
        _authenticationService = authenticationService;
        _authorizationService = authorizationService;
    }

    User Login(string username, string password)
    {
        User user = _authenticationService.Login(username, password);

        var permissions = _authorizationService.GetPermissions(user);
        _userPermissions.Add(user.Username, permissions);

        return user;
    }
}

现在，每次要使用此类时，都必须告诉它应该使用哪种授权服务和身份验证服务。您已将AuthClient从特定实现中解耦 - 现在它非常可测试且可重用（如果您想创建一个新的AuthenticationService，它执行与旧的完全不同的事情，您只需编写一个实现IAuthenticationService的类！）

现在，每次要使用AuthClient时，都必须包含AuthClient的依赖项（将其提供给构造函数）。你应该阅读更多有关依赖注入和IOC（控制反转）的内容（这是一个非常大的主题，有很多不同的方法可以做同样的事情），谷歌是你的朋友。

测试类现在看起来应该是这样的：

public class UnitTestClass
{
    public string UserName {get;set;}
    public string Password {get;set;}

    [TestInitialize]
    public void Setup() 
    {
        UserName = "test";
        Password = "test123";
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void When_ValidUserCredentials_Expect_UserIsNotNull()
    {
        var mockAuthenticationService = new Mock<IAuthenticateService>();
        mockAuthenticationService.Setup(m => m.Login(ValidUserName, ValidPassword)).Returns(ValidUserDto);

        var mockAuthorizationService = new Mock<IAuthorizeService>();
        mockAuthorizationService.Setup(m => m.GetAllPermissions(ValidUserId)).Returns(ValidPermissionList);

        // Here we are "injecting" the dependencies into the AuthClient
        var authClient = new AuthClient(mockAuthenticationService.Object, mockAuthorizationService.Object);
        // This service call will now use the supplied (mocked) services above
        User user = authClient.Login(UserName, Password); 

        Assert.IsNotNull(user);
    }
}

如何使用在方法中具有依赖关系的moq对类进行单元测试？

1 个答案: