我想:
<div data-a>
但LXML API似乎只给我这个:
<div data-a=''>
如何获得无价值属性?
令人讨厌的是,空白值和空值由LXML表示为空字符串。
设置无值无效。
In [19]: from lxml.html import fromstring, tostring
In [20]: b = fromstring('<body class="meow" data-a="haha" data-b data-x="">text-fef27e87389e466fb99b5421629323f6</body>')
In [21]: b.attrib
Out[21]: {'data-a': 'haha', 'data-x': '', 'data-b': '', 'class': 'meow'}
In [22]: b = fromstring('<body class="meow" data-a="haha" data-b data-x="">text-fef27e87389e466fb99b5421629323f6</body>')
In [23]: b.attrib
Out[23]: {'data-a': 'haha', 'data-x': '', 'data-b': '', 'class': 'meow'}
In [24]: b.attrib['data-y'] = None
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-24-1f55133e3dc4> in <module>()
----> 1 b.attrib['data-y'] = None
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/lxml/etree.so in lxml.etree._Attrib.__setitem__ (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:58775)()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/lxml/etree.so in lxml.etree._setAttributeValue (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:19025)()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/lxml/etree.so in lxml.etree._utf8 (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26460)()
TypeError: Argument must be bytes or unicode, got 'NoneType'
tag.attrib['data-a'] = None
TypeError: Argument must be bytes or unicode, got 'NoneType'
答案 0 :(得分:2)
恕我直言,lxml
正在展示预期的行为。没有值的属性使得格式不正确的XML,而不太合适的XML解析器不能生成格式不正确的XML:
答案 1 :(得分:1)
看起来您实际上是在尝试操作HTML而不是XML。如果是这样,则使用lxml.html而不是lxml.etree。
您正在尝试设置一个“布尔属性”,不要将其与“布尔值”混淆(请参阅boolean-attributes)。正如在其他答案中已经提到的那样,不允许使用布尔属性语法。e
但是,由于您似乎很想操纵HTML,因此您可以使用HTML元素而不是XML元素创建布尔属性。
200.21
输出
import unittest
import lxml.html
class HtmlBooleanAttribute(unittest.TestCase):
def test_booleanAttribute(self):
# !!! BE SURE TO CREATE AN ****HTML**** ELEMENT !!!
div = lxml.html.Element('div')
# Set a boolean attribute; omitting the value or providing None will
# create a boolean attribute.
div.set('data-a')
div.set('data-b', None)
# Setting the value to an empty will not give you a boolean attribute
div.set('data-c', '')
# Set a normal attribute for comparison
div.set('class','big red')
print
print lxml.html.tostring(div)
print
# Note that 'data-a' will be a zero-length string
print 'data-a = ', div.get('data-a')
print 'type(data-a) = ', type(div.get('data-a'))
print 'len(data-a) = ', len(div.get('data-a'))
print
print 'data-c = ', div.get('data-c')
print 'type(data-c) = ', type(div.get('data-c'))
print 'len(data-c) = ', len(div.get('data-c'))
if __name__ == "__main__":
#import sys;sys.argv = ['', 'Test.testName']
unittest.main()
请注意,data-a和data-b都是零长度的字符串,但是它们的打印方式不同。