我正在使用包含STOMP / SockJS WebSocket的Spring Boot(1.3.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT)设置RESTful Web应用程序,我打算从iOS应用程序和Web浏览器中使用它。我想使用JSON Web Tokens(JWT)来保护REST请求和WebSocket接口,但我对后者有困难。
使用Spring Security保护应用程序: -
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfiguration extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
public WebSecurityConfiguration() {
super(true);
}
@Autowired
public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("steve").password("steve").roles("USER");
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http
.exceptionHandling().and()
.anonymous().and()
.servletApi().and()
.headers().cacheControl().and().and()
// Relax CSRF on the WebSocket due to needing direct access from apps
.csrf().ignoringAntMatchers("/ws/**").and()
.authorizeRequests()
//allow anonymous resource requests
.antMatchers("/", "/index.html").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/resources/**").permitAll()
//allow anonymous POSTs to JWT
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.POST, "/rest/jwt/token").permitAll()
// Allow anonymous access to websocket
.antMatchers("/ws/**").permitAll()
//all other request need to be authenticated
.anyRequest().hasRole("USER").and()
// Custom authentication on requests to /rest/jwt/token
.addFilterBefore(new JWTLoginFilter("/rest/jwt/token", authenticationManagerBean()), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)
// Custom JWT based authentication
.addFilterBefore(new JWTTokenFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
}
WebSocket配置是标准配置: -
@Configuration
@EnableScheduling
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfiguration extends AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {
@Override
public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
}
@Override
public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
registry.addEndpoint("/ws").withSockJS();
}
}
我还有一个AbstractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer
的子类来保护WebSocket: -
@Configuration
public class WebSocketSecurityConfiguration extends AbstractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {
@Override
protected void configureInbound(MessageSecurityMetadataSourceRegistry messages) {
messages.anyMessage().hasRole("USER");
}
@Override
protected boolean sameOriginDisabled() {
// We need to access this directly from apps, so can't do cross-site checks
return true;
}
}
还有一些@RestController
注释类可以处理各种功能,这些类通过我JWTTokenFilter
类中注册的WebSecurityConfiguration
成功保护。
但是我似乎无法通过JWT保护WebSocket。我在浏览器中使用SockJS 1.1.0和STOMP 1.7.1,无法弄清楚如何传递令牌。它would appear that SockJS不允许使用初始/info
和/或握手请求发送参数。
AbstractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer
确保的Spring Security for WebSockets documentation states:
任何入站CONNECT消息都需要有效的CSRF令牌来强制实施同源策略
这似乎意味着初始握手应该是不安全的,并且在接收STOMP CONNECT消息时调用身份验证。不幸的是,我似乎无法找到有关实施此信息的任何信息。此外,这种方法还需要额外的逻辑来断开打开WebSocket连接的流氓客户端,并且永远不会发送STOMP CONNECT。
对于Spring来说(非常)新手我也不确定Spring Sessions是否适合这一点。虽然文档非常详细,但并没有出现一个很好的简单(又称白痴)指南,指导各个组件如何相互配合/相互作用。
如何通过提供JSON Web令牌来保护SockJS WebSocket,最好是在握手时(甚至可能)?
答案 0 :(得分:38)
更新2016-12-13 :下面引用的问题现已标记为已修复,因此不再需要以下版本的Spring 4.3.5或更高版本。请参阅https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/blob/master/src/docs/asciidoc/web/websocket.adoc#token-authentication。
目前(2016年9月),除了@ rossen-stoyanchev所回答的查询参数之外,Spring不支持这一点,后者写了很多(全部?)Spring WebSocket支持。我不喜欢查询参数方法,因为潜在的HTTP引用漏洞和服务器日志中令牌的存储。此外,如果安全后果不打扰你,请注意我发现这种方法适用于真正的WebSocket连接,但是如果你使用SockJS与其他机制的回退,{{1}永远不会为后备调用方法。请参阅Spring 4.x token-based WebSocket SockJS fallback authentication。
我已经创建了一个Spring问题来改进对基于令牌的WebSocket身份验证的支持:https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR-14690
与此同时,我发现了一个在测试中运行良好的黑客攻击。绕过内置的Spring连接级Spring auth机器。相反,通过在客户端的Stomp标头中发送身份验证令牌,将其设置在消息级别(这很好地反映了您已经使用常规HTTP XHR调用所做的事情),例如:
determineUser
在服务器端,使用stompClient.connect({'X-Authorization': 'token'}, ...);
stompClient.subscribe(..., {'X-Authorization': 'token'});
stompClient.send("/wherever", {'X-Authorization': 'token'}, ...);
ChannelInterceptor
这很简单,让我们有85%的方式,但是,这种方法不支持向特定用户发送消息。这是因为Spring将用户与会话相关联的机制不受@Override
public void configureClientInboundChannel(ChannelRegistration registration) {
registration.setInterceptors(new ChannelInterceptorAdapter() {
Message<*> preSend(Message<*> message, MessageChannel channel) {
StompHeaderAccessor accessor = StompHeaderAccessor.wrap(message);
List tokenList = accessor.getNativeHeader("X-Authorization");
String token = null;
if(tokenList == null || tokenList.size < 1) {
return message;
} else {
token = tokenList.get(0);
if(token == null) {
return message;
}
}
// validate and convert to a Principal based on your own requirements e.g.
// authenticationManager.authenticate(JwtAuthentication(token))
Principal yourAuth = [...];
accessor.setUser(yourAuth);
// not documented anywhere but necessary otherwise NPE in StompSubProtocolHandler!
accessor.setLeaveMutable(true);
return MessageBuilder.createMessage(message.payload, accessor.messageHeaders)
}
})
结果的影响。 Spring WebSocket假定认证是在传输层而不是消息层完成的,因此忽略了消息级认证。
无论如何要做这项工作的黑客,是创建ChannelInterceptor
和DefaultSimpUserRegistry
的实例,将它们暴露给环境,然后使用拦截器更新那些就像Spring本身正在做的那样。换句话说,比如:
DefaultUserDestinationResolver
现在,Spring完全了解身份验证,即它将@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
@Order(HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 50)
class WebSocketConfig extends AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer() {
private DefaultSimpUserRegistry userRegistry = new DefaultSimpUserRegistry();
private DefaultUserDestinationResolver resolver = new DefaultUserDestinationResolver(userRegistry);
@Bean
@Primary
public SimpUserRegistry userRegistry() {
return userRegistry;
}
@Bean
@Primary
public UserDestinationResolver userDestinationResolver() {
return resolver;
}
@Override
public configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry registry) {
registry.enableSimpleBroker("/queue", "/topic");
}
@Override
public registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
registry
.addEndpoint("/stomp")
.withSockJS()
.setWebSocketEnabled(false)
.setSessionCookieNeeded(false);
}
@Override public configureClientInboundChannel(ChannelRegistration registration) {
registration.setInterceptors(new ChannelInterceptorAdapter() {
Message<*> preSend(Message<*> message, MessageChannel channel) {
StompHeaderAccessor accessor = StompHeaderAccessor.wrap(message);
List tokenList = accessor.getNativeHeader("X-Authorization");
accessor.removeNativeHeader("X-Authorization");
String token = null;
if(tokenList != null && tokenList.size > 0) {
token = tokenList.get(0);
}
// validate and convert to a Principal based on your own requirements e.g.
// authenticationManager.authenticate(JwtAuthentication(token))
Principal yourAuth = token == null ? null : [...];
if (accessor.messageType == SimpMessageType.CONNECT) {
userRegistry.onApplicationEvent(SessionConnectedEvent(this, message, yourAuth));
} else if (accessor.messageType == SimpMessageType.SUBSCRIBE) {
userRegistry.onApplicationEvent(SessionSubscribeEvent(this, message, yourAuth));
} else if (accessor.messageType == SimpMessageType.UNSUBSCRIBE) {
userRegistry.onApplicationEvent(SessionUnsubscribeEvent(this, message, yourAuth));
} else if (accessor.messageType == SimpMessageType.DISCONNECT) {
userRegistry.onApplicationEvent(SessionDisconnectEvent(this, message, accessor.sessionId, CloseStatus.NORMAL));
}
accessor.setUser(yourAuth);
// not documented anywhere but necessary otherwise NPE in StompSubProtocolHandler!
accessor.setLeaveMutable(true);
return MessageBuilder.createMessage(message.payload, accessor.messageHeaders);
}
})
}
}
注入需要它的任何控制器方法,将其公开给Spring Security 4.x的上下文,并将用户与WebSocket会话相关联向特定用户/会话发送消息。
最后,如果您使用Spring Security 4.x Messaging支持,请务必将Principal
的{{1}}设置为高于Spring Security @Order
的{{1}}(AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer
会工作,如上所示)。这样,您的拦截器在Spring Security执行其检查之前设置AbstractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer
并设置安全上下文。
很多人似乎对上面代码中的这一行感到困惑:
Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 50
这几乎不在问题的范围内,因为它不是特定于Stomp的,但我会对它进行一些扩展,因为它与使用Spring的令牌相关。使用基于令牌的身份验证时,您需要的Principal
通常是一个自定义 // validate and convert to a Principal based on your own requirements e.g.
// authenticationManager.authenticate(JwtAuthentication(token))
Principal yourAuth = [...];
类,它扩展了Spring Security的Principal
类。 JwtAuthentication
实现扩展AbstractAuthenticationToken
接口的AbstractAuthenticationToken
接口,并包含将您的令牌与Spring Security集成的大部分机制。
所以,在Kotlin代码中(抱歉,我没有时间或倾向于将其转换回Java),您的Authentication
可能看起来像这样,这是Principal
的简单包装器:
JwtAuthentication
现在你需要一个知道如何处理它的AbstractAuthenticationToken
。在Kotlin中,这看起来可能如下所示:
import my.model.UserEntity
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationToken
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority
class JwtAuthentication(
val token: String,
// UserEntity is your application's model for your user
val user: UserEntity? = null,
authorities: Collection<GrantedAuthority>? = null) : AbstractAuthenticationToken(authorities) {
override fun getCredentials(): Any? = token
override fun getName(): String? = user?.id
override fun getPrincipal(): Any? = user
}
注入的AuthenticationManager
抽象出JWT令牌解析,但应该使用像jjwt这样的通用JWT令牌库。注入的@Component
class CustomTokenAuthenticationManager @Inject constructor(
val tokenHandler: TokenHandler,
val authService: AuthService) : AuthenticationManager {
val log = logger()
override fun authenticate(authentication: Authentication?): Authentication? {
return when(authentication) {
// for login via username/password e.g. crash shell
is UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken -> {
findUser(authentication).let {
//checkUser(it)
authentication.withGrantedAuthorities(it).also { setAuthenticated(true) }
}
}
// for token-based auth
is JwtAuthentication -> {
findUser(authentication).let {
val tokenTypeClaim = tokenHandler.parseToken(authentication.token)[CLAIM_TOKEN_TYPE]
when(tokenTypeClaim) {
TOKEN_TYPE_ACCESS -> {
//checkUser(it)
authentication.withGrantedAuthorities(it).also { setAuthenticated(true) }
}
TOKEN_TYPE_REFRESH -> {
//checkUser(it)
JwtAuthentication(authentication.token, it, listOf(SimpleGrantedAuthority(Authorities.REFRESH_TOKEN)))
}
else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected token type claim $tokenTypeClaim.")
}
}
}
else -> null
}
}
private fun findUser(authentication: JwtAuthentication): UserEntity =
authService.login(authentication.token) ?:
throw BadCredentialsException("No user associated with token or token revoked.")
private fun findUser(authentication: UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken): UserEntity =
authService.login(authentication.principal.toString(), authentication.credentials.toString()) ?:
throw BadCredentialsException("Invalid login.")
@Suppress("unused", "UNUSED_PARAMETER")
private fun checkUser(user: UserEntity) {
// TODO add these and lock account on x attempts
//if(!user.enabled) throw DisabledException("User is disabled.")
//if(user.accountLocked) throw LockedException("User account is locked.")
}
fun JwtAuthentication.withGrantedAuthorities(user: UserEntity): JwtAuthentication {
return JwtAuthentication(token, user, authoritiesOf(user))
}
fun UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.withGrantedAuthorities(user: UserEntity): UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken {
return UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, credentials, authoritiesOf(user))
}
private fun authoritiesOf(user: UserEntity) = user.authorities.map(::SimpleGrantedAuthority)
}
是您的抽象,实际上是根据令牌中的声明创建您的TokenHandler
,并且可以与您的用户数据库或其他后端系统进行通信。
现在,回到我们开始的那一行,它可能看起来像这样,其中AuthService
是UserEntity
由Spring注入我们的适配器,并且是{{1}的实例我们在上面定义:
authenticationManager
然后如上所述将该主体附加到消息上。 HTH!
答案 1 :(得分:7)
使用最新的SockJS 1.0.3,您可以将查询参数作为连接URL的一部分传递。因此,您可以发送一些JWT令牌来授权会话。
var socket = new SockJS('http://localhost/ws?token=AAA');
var stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);
stompClient.connect({}, function(frame) {
stompClient.subscribe('/topic/echo', function(data) {
// topic handler
});
}
}, function(err) {
// connection error
});
现在所有与websocket相关的请求都会有参数&#34;?token = AAA&#34;
http://localhost/ws/info?token=AAA&t=1446482506843
http://localhost/ws/515/z45wjz24/websocket?token=AAA
然后使用Spring,您可以设置一些过滤器,使用提供的令牌识别会话。
答案 2 :(得分:4)
似乎支持将查询字符串添加到SockJS客户端,请参阅https://github.com/sockjs/sockjs-client/issues/72。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
到目前为止,可以将auth令牌作为请求参数添加并在握手时进行处理,或者将其作为标头添加到与stomp端点的连接上,并通过CONNECT
命令进行处理在拦截器中。
最好的方法是使用标头,但是问题是您无法在握手步骤中访问本机标头,因此您将无法在那里进行身份验证。
让我给一些示例代码:
配置:
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig extends WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {
@Override
public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
registry.addEndpoint("/ws-test")
.setHandshakeHandler(new SecDefaultHandshakeHandler())
.addInterceptors(new HttpHandshakeInterceptor())
.withSockJS()
}
@Override
public void configureClientInboundChannel(ChannelRegistration registration) {
registration.interceptors(new JwtChannelInterceptor())
}
}
握手拦截器:
public class HttpHandshakeInterceptor implements HandshakeInterceptor {
public boolean beforeHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler handler, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
attributes.put("token", request.getServletRequest().getParameter("auth_token")
return true
}
}
握手处理程序:
public class SecDefaultHandshakeHandler extends DefaultHandshakeHandler {
@Override
public Principal determineUser(ServerHttpRequest request, WebSocketHandler handler, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
Object token = attributes.get("token")
//handle authorization here
}
}
频道拦截器:
public class JwtChannelInterceptor implements ChannelInterceptor {
@Override
public void postSend(Message message, MessageChannel channel, Boolean sent) {
MessageHeaderAccessor accessor = MessageHeaderAccessor.getAccessor(message, StompHeaderAccessor.class)
if (StompCommand.DISCONNECT == accessor.getCommand()) {
//retrieve Principal here via accessor.getUser()
//or get auth header from the accessor and handle authorization
}
}
}
对不起,可能是编译错误,我是从Kotlin代码=>手动转换的。
正如您提到的那样,您的WebSocket既有Web客户端又有移动客户端,请注意,为所有客户端维护相同的代码库有些困难。请查看我的主题:Spring Websocket ChannelInterceptor not firing CONNECT event