如果没有父级,就无法在PyQt中创建新窗口

时间:2015-06-16 22:20:56

标签: python user-interface pyqt pyqt4

我开始使用PyQt在Python中编写一个简单的文本编辑器,我遇到了这个问题:对于“新文档”按钮,我想打开一个新的空文本编辑器,无论第一个窗口发生了什么,它都会保持打开状态。问题是,我得到它以显示窗口的唯一方法是,如果我发送 self 作为参数(使其成为父项),这导致父项关闭时第二个窗口关闭。

这是我的构造函数:

class Main(QtGui.QMainWindow):

def __init__(self, ctrl, parent=None):
    QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)

这是打开新窗口的方法:

def new(self):
    repo = Repository()
    ctrl = Controller(repo)
    new_win = Main(ctrl)
    new_win.show()

注意:当此处的代码不起作用时,它不会显示第二个窗口

编辑:决定我应该发布我的所有代码,所以在这里:

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtGui

from src.controller import Controller
from src.repository import Repository


class Main(QtGui.QMainWindow):

    nr_of_instances = -1

    def __init__(self, ctrl, parent=None):
        QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)
        Main.nr_of_instances += 1
        #ui elements
        self._toolbar = None
        self._menuBar = None
        self._file = None
        self._edit = None
        self._view = None
        self._formatBar = None
        self._statusBar = None
        self._text = None

        #actions
        self._newAction = None
        self._openAction = None
        self._saveAction = None
        self._saveAsAction = None

        #
        self._controller = ctrl

        self.init_ui()

    def init_ui(self):
        self._text = QtGui.QTextEdit(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(self._text)

        self.init_toolbar()
        self.init_formatBar()
        self.init_menuBar()
        self._statusBar = self.statusBar()

        self.setGeometry(50+(50*Main.nr_of_instances), 100+(50*Main.nr_of_instances), 800, 400)

        self.setWindowTitle("KekWriter")

    @staticmethod
    def new(self):
        repo = Repository()
        ctrl = Controller(repo)
        spawn = Main(ctrl)
        spawn.show()

    def set_title(self):
        if self._controller.get_file_name() != 0:
            new_title = self.windowTitle().split(" - ")
            new_title[0].strip()
            self.setWindowTitle(new_title[0]+" - "+self._controller.get_file_name())

    def open(self):
        fn = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open File', ".")
        self._controller.set_file_name(fn)
        try:
            if fn != '':
                self._text.setText(self._controller.open())
            self.set_title()
        except UnicodeDecodeError as msg:
            QtGui.QMessageBox.information(self, "Eroare!", "Tip de fisier invalid!")

    def _save_as(self):
        fn = QtGui.QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self, 'Save File As', ".")
        print(fn)
        if fn != '':
            self._controller.set_file_name(fn)
            self._controller.save(self._text.toPlainText())
            self.set_title()

    def save(self):
        fn = self._controller.get_file_name()
        if fn == '':
            self._save_as()
        else:
            self._controller.save(self._text.toPlainText())
            self.set_title()

    def init_toolbar(self):
        self._newAction = QtGui.QAction(QtGui.QIcon("icons/new.png"), "New", self)
        self._newAction.setStatusTip("Creates a new document")
        self._newAction.setShortcut("Ctrl+N")
        self._newAction.triggered.connect(self.new)

        self._openAction = QtGui.QAction(QtGui.QIcon("icons/open.png"), "Open", self)
        self._openAction.setStatusTip("Opens existing document")
        self._openAction.setShortcut("Ctrl+O")
        self._openAction.triggered.connect(self.open)

        self._saveAction = QtGui.QAction(QtGui.QIcon("icons/save.png"), "Save", self)
        self._saveAction.setStatusTip("Saves current document")
        self._saveAction.setShortcut("Ctrl+S")
        self._saveAction.triggered.connect(self.save)

        self._saveAsAction = QtGui.QAction(QtGui.QIcon("icons/save_as.png"), "Save as", self)
        self._saveAsAction.setStatusTip("Saves current document with another name")
        self._saveAsAction.setShortcut("Ctrl+Shift+S")
        self._saveAsAction.triggered.connect(self._save_as)

        self._toolbar = self.addToolBar("Options")

        self._toolbar.addAction(self._newAction)
        self._toolbar.addAction(self._openAction)
        self._toolbar.addAction(self._saveAction)
        self._toolbar.addAction(self._saveAsAction)

        self.addToolBarBreak()

    def init_menuBar(self):
        self._menuBar = self.menuBar()
        self._file = self._menuBar.addMenu("File")
        self._edit = self._menuBar.addMenu("Edit")
        self._view = self._menuBar.addMenu("View")

        #file
        self._file.addAction(self._newAction)
        self._file.addAction(self._openAction)
        self._file.addAction(self._saveAction)
        self._file.addAction(self._saveAsAction)

    def init_formatBar(self):
        self._formatBar = self.addToolBar("Format")
        self.addToolBarBreak()


def main():
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    repo = Repository()
    ctrl = Controller(repo)
    main = Main(ctrl)
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

第二个窗口未显示的原因是窗口对象超出范围并被垃圾回收。您需要存储对第二个窗口的引用,该窗口在窗口关闭之前不会被删除。

我可以想到有几种方法可以做到这一点,但是你想要如何构建你的程序真的取决于你。

  1. 具有Main的类属性,这是一个列表。因此,此列表对所有实例都是通用的,您可以在创建时将新实例附加到该列表。只要存在一个实例,就不应该对窗口进行垃圾收集(我认为)

  2. 最初不要实例化QMainWindow,而是实例化一个将保存对windows的引用的类。创建新窗口时,将对该对象中新窗口的引用进行修复。

  3. 希望这能让您了解错误,以便以适合您程序布局的方式解决问题

    更新

    有关如何执行选项2的粗略指导:

    class WindowContainer(object):
        def __init__(self):
            self.window_list = []
            self.add_new_window()
    
        def add_new_window(self):
            repo = Repository()
            ctrl = Controller(repo)
            spawn = Main(ctrl, self)
            self.window_list.append(spawn)
            spawn.show()
    
    
    class Main(QtGui.QMainWindow):
        def __init__(self, ctrl, window_container, parent=None):
            QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent) 
            ...
            self.window_container = window_container
            ...
    
        ...
    
        def init_toolbar(self):
            ...
            self._newAction.triggered.connect(self.window_container.add_new_window)
            ...
    
        ...
    
    
    def main():
        app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
        # this variable will never go out of scope
        window_container = WindowContainer()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())
    

答案 1 :(得分:1)

我现在正在考虑解决此问题的最佳方法是创建一个继承自QApplication的类。在此类中创建一个列表,并存储对此列表中所有新创建的窗口的引用。

最小的工作示例:

from PyQt4.QtGui import *
import sys

class Application(QApplication):
    def __init__(self, argv=None):
        super(Application, self).__init__(argv)
        self.windows = []
        win = Window(self)
        win.show()
        self.windows.append(win)

class Window(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parentApp, parent=None):
        super(Window, self).__init__(parent)
        self.parentApp = parentApp
        btn = QPushButton("New Window", self)
        btn.clicked.connect(self.new)

    def new(self):
        win = Window(self.parentApp)
        win.show()
        self.parentApp.windows.append(win)

    def closeEvent(self, event):
        self.parentApp.windows.remove(self)


if __name__ == "__main__":
      app = Application(sys.argv)
      sys.exit(app.exec_())

答案 2 :(得分:0)

您可以拥有许多主窗口而无需在PyQt中指定父级而没有问题。只需运行此代码作为示例:

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
import sys

class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    pass

# App
q_app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

# Add many windows
main_window1 = MainWindow()
main_window1.show()
main_window2 = MainWindow()
main_window2.show()

# Run Qt app
sys.exit(q_app.exec_())

注意,对于PyQt4,只需将QtWidgets替换为QtGui

答案 3 :(得分:-1)

我从未在python中使用过UI,但这段代码似乎有些错误:

Main ctor (来自第一个代码段)有3个参数:selfctrlparent。由于parent默认 arg (可能会丢失),因此在我们的案例中它几乎无关紧要。

方法代码假设我们处于同一类new_win = Main()不正确。它应该有3个参数:

  • 讨论了第3个
  • 第一个(self)由python framework
  • 自动传递
  • 它唯一缺少的是第二个:ctrl并且必须由你自己提供(毕竟,你这样定义了类ctor)