在 Java 8 In Action 一节的第7.1.1节中,作者声明通过添加函数.parallel()
,流可以从并行处理中受益。它们提供了一个名为parallelSum(int)
的简单方法来说明这一点。我很想知道它有多好用,所以我执行了这段代码:
package lambdasinaction.chap7;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class ParallelPlay {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(parallelSum(100_000_000));
}
public static long parallelSum(long n) {
return Stream.iterate(1L, i -> i + 1)
.limit(n)
.parallel()
.reduce(0L, Long::sum);
}
}
令我惊讶的是,我收到了这个错误:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.getThrowableException(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.reportException(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.SliceOps$1.opEvaluateParallelLazy(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.sourceSpliterator(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.reduce(Unknown Source)
at lambdasinaction.chap7.ParallelPlay.parallelSum(ParallelPlay.java:15)
at lambdasinaction.chap7.ParallelPlay.main(ParallelPlay.java:8)
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at java.util.stream.SpinedBuffer.ensureCapacity(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.Nodes$SpinedNodeBuilder.begin(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.SliceOps$SliceTask.doLeaf(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.SliceOps$SliceTask.doLeaf(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.AbstractShortCircuitTask.compute(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.CountedCompleter.exec(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(Unknown Source)
我在Windows 7 SP1上使用四核处理器运行Java 1.8.0_45。发生了什么事?
答案 0 :(得分:5)
在这里,您可以创建一个无限流并在之后限制它。关于并行处理无限流的已知问题。特别是没有办法将任务有效地分成相等的部分。在内部使用了一些不适合每项任务的启发式方法。在您的情况下,使用LongStream.range
:
import java.util.stream.LongStream;
public class ParallelPlay {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(parallelSum(100_000_000));
}
public static long parallelSum(long n) {
return LongStream.rangeClosed(1, n).parallel().sum();
}
}
在这种情况下,Stream引擎从一开始就知道你有多少元素,因此它可以有效地分割任务。另请注意,使用LongStream
更有效,因为您没有不必要的拳击。
一般情况下,如果你能用有限的任务解决你的任务,就要避免使用无限流。