我正在学习C ++，所以我正在阅读编程：使用C ++的原理和实践这本书。
我正在进行第一次练习，这是如何制作一个'Hello，World！'程序使用Microsoft Visual Studio 2015.我使用了书中提供的源代码。
#include "../../std_lib_facilities.h" //header file recommended by book
int main() //C++ programs start by executing the function main
{
cout <<"Hello, World!\n"; //output "Hello, World!"
keep_window_open(); //wait for a character to be entered
return 0;
}
但是，当我尝试构建可执行程序时，我收到两个错误，如下所示：
IntelliSense: static assertion failed with "<hash_map> is
deprecated and will be REMOVED. Please use <unordered_map>. You can define
_SILENCE_STDEXT_HASH_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS to acknowledge that you have
received this warning."
Project: Hello, World!
c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\hash_map
Line 14
Error C2338 <hash_map> is deprecated and will be REMOVED. Please use
<unordered_map>. You can define _SILENCE_STDEXT_HASH_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS to
acknowledge that you have received this warning.
Project: Hello, World!
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 14.0\vc\include\hash_map
Line 17
你能告诉我如何纠正这个问题吗？
std_lib_facilities.h中的代码如下：
/*
simple "Programming: Principles and Practice using C++" course header to
be used for the first few weeks.
It provides the most common standard headers (in the global namespace)
and minimal exception/error support.
Students: please don't try to understand the details of headers just yet.
All will be explained. This header is primarily used so that you don't have
to understand every concept all at once.
Revised April 25, 2010: simple_error() added
*/
#ifndef H112
#define H112 201004L
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<string>
#include<list>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<stdexcept>
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <hash_map>
using stdext::hash_map;
#else
#include <ext/hash_map>
using __gnu_cxx::hash_map;
namespace __gnu_cxx {
template<> struct hash<std::string>
{
size_t operator()(const std::string& s) const
{
return hash<char*>()(s.c_str());
}
};
} // of namespace __gnu_cxx
#endif
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
#define unordered_map hash_map
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
typedef long Unicode;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
using namespace std;
template<class T> string to_string(const T& t)
{
ostringstream os;
os << t;
return os.str();
}
struct Range_error : out_of_range { // enhanced vector range error reporting
int index;
Range_error(int i) :out_of_range("Range error: "+to_string(i)), index(i) { }
};
// trivially range-checked vector (no iterator checking):
template< class T> struct Vector : public std::vector<T> {
typedef typename std::vector<T>::size_type size_type;
Vector() { }
explicit Vector(size_type n) :std::vector<T>(n) {}
Vector(size_type n, const T& v) :std::vector<T>(n,v) {}
template <class I>
Vector(I first, I last) :std::vector<T>(first,last) {}
T& operator[](unsigned int i) // rather than return at(i);
{
if (i<0||this->size()<=i) throw Range_error(i);
return std::vector<T>::operator[](i);
}
const T& operator[](unsigned int i) const
{
if (i<0||this->size()<=i) throw Range_error(i);
return std::vector<T>::operator[](i);
}
};
// disgusting macro hack to get a range checked vector:
#define vector Vector
// trivially range-checked string (no iterator checking):
struct String : std::string {
String() { }
String(const char* p) :std::string(p) {}
String(const string& s) :std::string(s) {}
template<class S> String(S s) :std::string(s) {}
String(int sz, char val) :std::string(sz,val) {}
template<class Iter> String(Iter p1, Iter p2) : std::string(p1,p2) { }
char& operator[](unsigned int i) // rather than return at(i);
{
if (i<0||size()<=i) throw Range_error(i);
return std::string::operator[](i);
}
const char& operator[](unsigned int i) const
{
if (i<0||size()<=i) throw Range_error(i);
return std::string::operator[](i);
}
};
#ifndef _MSC_VER
namespace __gnu_cxx {
template<> struct hash<String>
{
size_t operator()(const String& s) const
{
return hash<std::string>()(s);
}
};
} // of namespace __gnu_cxx
#endif
struct Exit : runtime_error {
Exit(): runtime_error("Exit") {}
};
// error() simply disguises throws:
inline void error(const string& s)
{
throw runtime_error(s);
}
inline void error(const string& s, const string& s2)
{
error(s+s2);
}
inline void error(const string& s, int i)
{
ostringstream os;
os << s <<": " << i;
error(os.str());
}
#if _MSC_VER<1500
// disgusting macro hack to get a range checked string:
#define string String
// MS C++ 9.0 have a built-in assert for string range check
// and uses "std::string" in several places so that macro substitution fails
#endif
template<class T> char* as_bytes(T& i) // needed for binary I/O
{
void* addr = &i; // get the address of the first byte
// of memory used to store the object
return static_cast<char*>(addr); // treat that memory as bytes
}
inline void keep_window_open()
{
cin.clear();
cout << "Please enter a character to exit\n";
char ch;
cin >> ch;
return;
}
inline void keep_window_open(string s)
{
if (s=="") return;
cin.clear();
cin.ignore(120,'\n');
for (;;) {
cout << "Please enter " << s << " to exit\n";
string ss;
while (cin >> ss && ss!=s)
cout << "Please enter " << s << " to exit\n";
return;
}
}
// error function to be used (only) until error() is introduced in Chapter 5:
inline void simple_error(string s) // write ``error: s?? and exit program
{
cerr << "error: " << s << '\n';
keep_window_open(); // for some Windows environments
exit(1);
}
// make std::min() and std::max() accessible:
#undef min
#undef max
#include<iomanip>
inline ios_base& general(ios_base& b) // to augment fixed and scientific
{
b.setf(ios_base::fmtflags(0),ios_base::floatfield);
return b;
}
// run-time checked narrowing cast (type conversion):
template<class R, class A> R narrow_cast(const A& a)
{
R r = R(a);
if (A(r)!=a) error(string("info loss"));
return r;
}
inline int randint(int max) { return rand()%max; }
inline int randint(int min, int max) { return randint(max-min)+min; }
inline double sqrt(int x) { return sqrt(double(x)); } // to match C++0x
#endif
答案 0 :(得分：13)
有几种方法可以解决它。您可以让编译器通过编写
在visual studio中忽略它 #define _SILENCE_STDEXT_HASH_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS 1
在他的头文件的顶部（你的系列的其余部分可能会很好）。
您也可以将标题重写为hash_map而不是unordered_map。我不推荐这个，因为你不熟悉编程，但Stack Overflow上的某些灵魂可能会为你做这件事，你可以复制它（应该不是很难）。
编辑：T.C。已在帖子的评论部分找到here。
最后，您可以为书中正在执行的任何单元包含必要的头文件，并根据需要手动编写他正在使用的任何函数。在这种情况下，要访问cout函数，您需要在文件顶部写#include <iostream>，然后在using namespace std;之前写int main()。或者，您可以在不包含std::cout << "Hello World!";的情况下编写using namespace std;，这就是它的全部内容。最终产品看起来像：
#include <iostream> //for learning, it's probably better to know what each header file does before you use it. silly book.
using namespace std; //act like std:: is before function calls from that library
int main() //C++ programs start by executing the function main
{
cout <<"Hello, World!\n"; //output "Hello, World!"
cin.get(); //wait for a return character to be entered
return 0;
}
看看你是如何在Stack Overflow上发布的，并且可能有很高的学习C ++的能力，我建议你做后者，并试着看看他的功能在他的书和之后到达那里后的功能是什么在互联网上快速搜索你想要学习的任何很酷的东西。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
我认为针对OP特定问题的最佳解决方案是下载std_lib_facilities.h here的更新版本。新文件使用unordered_map而不是hash_map。
答案 2 :(得分：1)
您可以在源文件中键入以下内容
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
inline void keep_window_open() { char ch; cin >> ch; }
或使用这些文件创建头文件。