Question

我正在尝试将Python 2.7代码转换为Python 3代码，并且我从urllib请求模块收到类型错误。

我使用内置的2to3 Python工具转换以下工作的urllib和urllib2 Python 2.7代码：

import urllib2
import urllib

url = "https://www.customdomain.com"
d = dict(parameter1="value1", parameter2="value2")

req = urllib2.Request(url, data=urllib.urlencode(d))
f = urllib2.urlopen(req)
resp = f.read()

2to3模块的输出是以下Python 3代码：

import urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parse

url = "https://www.customdomain.com"
d = dict(parameter1="value1", parameter2="value2")

req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=urllib.parse.urlencode(d))
f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
resp = f.read()

运行Python 3代码时会产生以下错误：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-56-206954140899> in <module>()
      5 
      6 req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=urllib.parse.urlencode(d))
----> 7 f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
      8 resp = f.read()

C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in urlopen(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)
    159     else:
    160         opener = _opener
--> 161     return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
    162 
    163 def install_opener(opener):

C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in open(self, fullurl, data, timeout)
    459         for processor in self.process_request.get(protocol, []):
    460             meth = getattr(processor, meth_name)
--> 461             req = meth(req)
    462 
    463         response = self._open(req, data)

C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in do_request_(self, request)
   1110                 msg = "POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. " \
   1111                       "It cannot be of type str."
-> 1112                 raise TypeError(msg)
   1113             if not request.has_header('Content-type'):
   1114                 request.add_unredirected_header(

TypeError: POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be of type str.

我还阅读了另外两张提及日期编码的门票（ticket1和ticket2）。

当我将行f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)更改为f = urllib.request.urlopen(req.encode('utf-8'))时，我收到以下错误：AttributeError: 'Request' object has no attribute 'encode'

我对如何使Python 3代码工作感到困惑。你能帮我吗？

Answer 1

从docs 注意，urlencode的params输出在作为数据发送到urlopen之前被编码为字节：

expr

Answer 2

试试这个：

url = 'https://www.customdomain.com'
d = dict(parameter1="value1", parameter2="value2")

f = urllib.parse.urlencode(d)
f = f.encode('utf-8')

req = urllib.request.Request(url, f)

你的问题在于你处理字典的方式。

Answer 3

我在ZOHO CRM API V2中使用了python请求模块。它的工作没有任何问题。这是带有GET请求的示例工作代码：

import json
import requests

# API methods - https://www.zoho.com/crm/developer/docs/api/api-methods.html
# getrecords API Call
module_name = 'Deals'
authtoken = '*****'
api_url = "https://crm.zoho.com/crm/private/json/"+module_name+"/getRecords?authtoken="+authtoken+"&scope=crmapi&fromIndex=1&toIndex=2"

# GET Request
request_response = requests.get(
    url=api_url
    )
print(json.dumps(json.loads(request_response.text), sort_keys=True, indent=4, separators=(",", ": ")))
json_response = json.loads(request_response.text)

Python 3 urllib产生TypeError：POST数据应该是字节或可迭代的字节。它不能是str

3 个答案: