减去查询似乎在HIVE中无效。
尝试过：
select x from abc
minus
select x from bcd ;
我这样做错误或否定查询是否未针对HIVE定义？如果是这样，还有其他方法来获得结果吗？
答案 0 :(得分：16)
HQL似乎不支持MINUS运算符。看到这个相关的，虽然有点旧资源：
http://www.quora.com/Apache-Hive/What-are-the-biggest-feature-gaps-between-HiveQL-and-SQL
您可以使用LEFT JOIN或NOT EXISTS：
SELECT x
FROM abc
LEFT JOIN bcd
ON abc.x = bcd.x
WHERE bcd.x IS NULL
编辑：根据以下评论，不支持NOT EXISTS。
SELECT x
FROM abc
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT x FROM bcd)
答案 1 :(得分：6)
HQL不支持减号，但您可以随时使用Patrick Tucci解决方案，当您的选择列表仅包含几个字段时，该解决方案可正常工作。在我的情况下，我想找到整个表（30多个字段）和备份副本之间的差异，以查找不同的记录。这是我的解决方案：
<GridView>
<GridView.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="GridViewItem">
<!--Apply new data-->
</Style>
</GridView.ItemContainerStyle>
</GridView>
现在这不是完全“减”，因为来自mybackuptable的单个记录会显示在我想要的结果中。为了使它成为一个完整的“减号”等价物，我添加了这个：
<GridView.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="GridViewItem">
<Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="{ThemeResource ContentControlThemeFontFamily}" />
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="{ThemeResource ControlContentThemeFontSize}" />
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent"/>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush}" />
<Setter Property="TabNavigation" Value="Local"/>
<Setter Property="IsHoldingEnabled" Value="True"/>
<Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/>
<Setter Property="VerticalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/>
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="0,2,12,12"/>
<Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="0"/>
<Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="0"/>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="GridViewItem">
<Grid x:Name="ContentBorder"
Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Normal">
<Storyboard>
<PointerUpThemeAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="PointerOver">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BorderRectangle"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1"/>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="BorderRectangle" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Stroke">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightListLowBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="FocusVisualBlack" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Stroke">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Transparent" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<PointerUpThemeAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BorderRectangle"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1"/>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="BorderRectangle" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Stroke">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightListMediumBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="FocusVisualBlack" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Stroke">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Transparent" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<PointerDownThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentPresenter" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="Selected">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="MultiSelectCheck"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1"/>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BorderRectangle"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1"/>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="BorderRectangle" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Stroke">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightAccentBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="FocusVisualBlack" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Stroke">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Transparent" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="MultiSelectSquare" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightAccentBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<PointerUpThemeAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="PointerOverSelected">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="MultiSelectCheck"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1"/>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BorderRectangle"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1"/>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="BorderRectangle" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Stroke">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightListAccentMediumBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="FocusVisualBlack" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Stroke">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Transparent" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="MultiSelectSquare" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightAccentBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<PointerUpThemeAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="PressedSelected">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="MultiSelectCheck"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1"/>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BorderRectangle"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1"/>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="BorderRectangle" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Stroke">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightListAccentHighBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="ContentPresenter" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="FocusVisualBlack" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Stroke">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Transparent" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="MultiSelectSquare" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightAccentBrush}" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<PointerDownThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentPresenter" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="DisabledStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Enabled"/>
<VisualState x:Name="Disabled">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="ContentBorder"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="{ThemeResource ListViewItemDisabledThemeOpacity}"/>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Unfocused"/>
<VisualState x:Name="Focused">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FocusVisualWhite"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1"/>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FocusVisualBlack"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1"/>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="MultiSelectStates">
<VisualState x:Name="MultiSelectDisabled">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="MultiSelectSquare" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Visible" />
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:0.333" Value="Collapsed" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<FadeOutThemeAnimation TargetName="MultiSelectSquare"/>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="MultiSelectEnabled">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="MultiSelectSquare" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Visible" />
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<FadeInThemeAnimation TargetName="MultiSelectSquare"/>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="DataVirtualizationStates">
<VisualState x:Name="DataAvailable"/>
<VisualState x:Name="DataPlaceholder"/>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="ReorderHintStates">
<VisualState x:Name="NoReorderHint"/>
<VisualState x:Name="BottomReorderHint">
<Storyboard>
<DragOverThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentBorder" ToOffset="{ThemeResource GridViewItemReorderHintThemeOffset}" Direction="Bottom" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="TopReorderHint">
<Storyboard>
<DragOverThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentBorder" ToOffset="{ThemeResource GridViewItemReorderHintThemeOffset}" Direction="Top" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="RightReorderHint">
<Storyboard>
<DragOverThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentBorder" ToOffset="{ThemeResource GridViewItemReorderHintThemeOffset}" Direction="Right" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="LeftReorderHint">
<Storyboard>
<DragOverThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentBorder" ToOffset="{ThemeResource GridViewItemReorderHintThemeOffset}" Direction="Left" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
<VisualTransition To="NoReorderHint" GeneratedDuration="0:0:0.2"/>
</VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="DragStates">
<VisualState x:Name="NotDragging" />
<VisualState x:Name="Dragging">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="ContentBorder"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="{ThemeResource ListViewItemDragThemeOpacity}" />
<DragItemThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentBorder" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="DraggingTarget">
<Storyboard>
<DropTargetItemThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentBorder" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="MultipleDraggingPrimary">
<Storyboard>
<!-- These two Opacity animations are required - the FadeInThemeAnimations
on the same elements animate an internal Opacity. -->
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="MultiArrangeOverlayBackground"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="1" />
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="ContentBorder"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
Duration="0"
To="{ThemeResource ListViewItemDragThemeOpacity}" />
<FadeInThemeAnimation TargetName="MultiArrangeOverlayBackground" />
<DragItemThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentBorder" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="MultipleDraggingSecondary">
<Storyboard>
<FadeOutThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentBorder" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="DraggedPlaceholder">
<Storyboard>
<FadeOutThemeAnimation TargetName="ContentBorder" />
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
<VisualTransition To="NotDragging" GeneratedDuration="0:0:0.2"/>
</VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenter"
ContentTransitions="{TemplateBinding ContentTransitions}"
HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}" />
<Ellipse x:Name="MultiArrangeOverlayBackground"
IsHitTestVisible="False"
Opacity="0"
Fill="{ThemeResource ListViewItemDragBackgroundThemeBrush}"
Grid.ColumnSpan="2"/>
<Ellipse x:Name="BorderRectangle"
Margin="-2"
IsHitTestVisible="False"
Stroke="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightListAccentLowBrush}"
StrokeThickness="3"
Opacity="0"/>
<Border x:Name="MultiSelectSquare"
Background="{ThemeResource SystemControlBackgroundChromeMediumBrush}"
Width="20"
Height="20"
Margin="0,2,2,0"
VerticalAlignment="Top"
HorizontalAlignment="Right"
Visibility="Collapsed" >
<FontIcon x:Name="MultiSelectCheck"
FontFamily="{ThemeResource SymbolThemeFontFamily}"
Glyph=""
FontSize="16"
Foreground="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundBaseMediumHighBrush}"
Opacity="0"/>
</Border>
<Ellipse x:Name="FocusVisualWhite"
IsHitTestVisible="False"
Stroke="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundAltHighBrush}"
StrokeEndLineCap="Square"
StrokeDashArray="1.0, 1.0"
StrokeDashOffset="1.5"
StrokeThickness="2"
Opacity="0"/>
<Ellipse x:Name="FocusVisualBlack"
IsHitTestVisible="False"
Stroke="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush}"
StrokeEndLineCap="Square"
StrokeDashArray="1.0, 1.0"
StrokeDashOffset="0.5"
StrokeThickness="2"
Opacity="0"/>
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</GridView.ItemContainerStyle>
答案 2 :(得分：1)
如果上面的查询的格式略有不同，则可能更易于阅读：
SELECT col1
FROM table1
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT col2
FROM table2
WHERE table1.col1 = table2.col2
)
这是一个相关的子查询。也就是说，外部查询通过引用外部查询的子查询中包含的联接与内部（子）查询相关。
将tbl1和tbl2连接起来之后，该连接的结果（即，在这种情况下，table1.col1和table2.col2中同时存在的col2值列表）将被应用以从列表中删除这些值。表1中的col1值。 结果是表1中没有出现在表2中的col1值的列表。
表2中任何不存在于表1中的“额外”值在此查询中都不起作用，因为它们被内部联接删除。这很好，因为查询试图返回的只是表1中不在表2中的那些值-表2中的多余值首先不在表1中-因此它们是不相关的。
答案 3 :(得分：0)
目前，Hive不支持MINUS功能。见http://www.quora.com/Apache-Hive/What-are-the-biggest-feature-gaps-between-HiveQL-and-SQL
答案 4 :(得分：0)
fn: async function (inputs, exits) {
await Drink.create({
name: inputs.name,
price: inputs.price,
avatar: inputs.avatar,
shops: inputs.shop
}).fetch()
.exec(function (err, created) {
if(err)
return exits.error(err)
else
return exits.success(created)
})
。
示例：
NOT EXISTS